Spreading rate dependence of morphological characteristics in global oceanic transform faults
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Abstract: We quantified the systematic variations in global transform fault morphology, revealing a first-order dependence on the spreading rate. (1) The average age offset of both the full transform and transform sub-segments decrease with increasing spreading rate. (2) The average depth of both the transform valley and adjacent ridges are smaller in the fast compared to the slow systems, reflecting possibly density anomalies associated with warmer mantle at the fast systems and rifting at the slow ridges. However, the average depth difference between the transform valley and adjacent ridges is relatively constant from the fast to slow systems. (3) The nodal basin at a ridge-transform intersection is deeper and dominant at the ultraslow and slow systems, possibly reflecting a lower magma supply and stronger viscous resistance to mantle upwelling near a colder transform wall. In contrast, the nodal high, is most prominent in the fast, intermediate, and hotspot-influenced systems, where robust axial volcanic ridges extend toward the ridge-transform intersection. (4) Statistically, the average transform valley is wider at a transform system of larger age offset, reflecting thicker deforming plates flanking the transform fault. (5) The maximum magnitude of the transform earthquakes increases with age offset owing to an increase in the seismogenic area. Individual transform faults also exhibit significant anomalies owing to the complex local tectonic and magmatic processes.
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Key words:
- mid-ocean ridge /
- transform fault /
- morphology /
- spreading rate /
- transform earthquakes
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Figure 1. Global tectonic map showing plate boundaries. Black lines denote global plate boundaries. Green lines denote the ridge-transform systems. Red lines denote the 78 transform faults with relatively good bathymetric data and were investigated in this study for morphological parameters. JDF: Juan de Fuca Ridge; EPR: East Pacific Rise; CR: Chile Rise; PAR: Pacific-Antarctic Ridge; N. MAR: North Mid-Atlantic Ridge; S. MAR: South Mid-Atlantic Ridge; AAR: American-Antarctic Ridge; SWIR: Southwest Indian Ridge; ADEN: Aden Ridge; CIR: Central Indian Ridge; SEIR: Southeast Indian Ridge.
Figure 2. Examples of transform faults. Depth (a1) and free-air gravity anomaly (FAA) (a2) of the Clipperton transform fault, as an example of a fast-spreading ridge. The depth (b1) and FAA (b2) of the Romanche transform fault, as an example of a slow-spreading ridge. Profiles of seafloor topography (black) and FAA (blue) across Clipperton (c) and Romanche (d) transform faults. Dashed lines (L1 and L2) denote locations of the across-transform profiles. EPR: East Pacific Rise; MAR: South Mid-Atlantic Ridge; N.H.: nodal high.
A2. Examples of transform faults. a1. Seafloor depth and a2. FAA of the Zeehaen transform fault, as an example of an intermediate-spreading ridge; b1. Seafloor depth and b2. FAA of the Du Toit transform fault, as an example of an ultraslow-spreading ridge; c and d. profiles of seafloor topography (black) and FAA (blue) across the Zeehaen and Du Toit transform faults. Dashed lines (L1, L2) denote locations of across-transform profiles. N.B.: nodal basin; SEIR: Southeast Indian Ridge.
Figure 6. Full transform length (a), transform sub-segment length (b), full transform age offset (c), and transform sub-segment age offset versus full spreading rate (d). Filled circles and black lines show average values and standard deviations for each spreading rate, respectively. A: Andrew Bain; AC: Andrew Bain Segment C; B: Bullard; BB: Bullard Segment B; C: Chile; CA: Chile Segment A; CC: Chile Segment C; D: Doldrums; G: George V; R: Romanche; Sa: Saint Paul; Sh: Shackelton; Ta: Tasman; Th: Tharp; V: Valdavia. Red: fast; green: intermediate; magenta: slow; and blue: ultraslow.
7. Along ridge-transform profiles of seafloor depth (a1–k1) and FAA (a2–k2) of the global ridge-transform systems. Green lines denote along ridge-transform profiles, using the global bathymetry dataset. Black lines denote the 78 transform faults with relatively good bathymetric data and thus selected for detailed analysis of morphological parameters. Red lines denote ridge adjacent to the 78 analyzed transform faults. AAD: Australian-Antarctic Discordance; EPR: East Pacific Rise; PAR: Pacific-Antarctic Ridge; JDF: Juan de Fuca Ridge; SEIR: Southeast Indian Ridge; CR: Chile Rise; ADEN: Aden Ridge; CIR: Central Indian Ridge; N. MAR: North Mid-Atlantic Ridge; S. MAR: South Mid-Atlantic Ridge; AAR: American-Antarctic Ridge; SWIR: Southwest Indian Ridge.
Figure 8. Frequency distributions of seafloor depth (a1–k1) and FAA (a2–k2) of transform faults (black) and adjacent ridges (red) of the 78 analyzed transform systems. EPR: East Pacific Rise; PAR: Pacific-Antarctic Ridge; JDF: Juan de Fuca Ridge; SEIR: Southeast Indian Ridge; CR: Chile Rise; ADEN: Aden Ridge; CIR: Central Indian Ridge; N. MAR: North Mid-Atlantic Ridge; S. MAR: South Mid-Atlantic Ridge; AAR: American-Antarctic Ridge; SWIR: Southwest Indian Ridge. μT and μR of each panel denote mean of the best-fitting Gaussian distribution of transform faults and ridges, respectively.
Figure 9. Transform fault depth (a), adjacent ridges depth (b), and transform-ridge depth difference (c) versus full spreading rate of the 78 analyzed transform systems. Open circles and thin lines denote depth and standard deviation, respectively. Filled circles and black lines show average depth and standard deviation for each spreading rate, respectively. Red: fast; green: intermediate; magenta: slow; and blue: ultraslow. Bo: Bouvet; H: Heezen; Jan: Jan Mayen; R: Romanche; Th: Tharp.
Figure 10. Depth of nodal high (a) and nodal basin (b) versus full spreading rate. In a and b, red: fast; green: intermediate; magenta: slow; and blue: ultraslow. Frequency distribution of the depth of nodal basin (black) and nodal high (red) for each spreading rate group. Curves denote the best-fitting Gaussian distribution. μN.H. and μN.B. of each panel denote mean of the best-fitting Gaussian distribution of nodal highs and nodal basins, respectively.
Figure 11. Correlation of width of transform faults with full transform age offset (a), and mid-transform lithospheric thickness (b). Red: fast; green: intermediate; magenta: slow; and blue: ultraslow. In b, gray layer shows a lithospheric plate with a thickness of hL. This corresponds to a special case when a transform valley is bounded by two inward-dipping conjugate normal faults with dip angle (α). The dashed lines show the expected dependence of the transform width (w) on plate thickness, with a dipping angle of 20° and 60°, respectively. Aii: Atlantis II; BB: Bullard B; R: Romanche.
A4. Maps of the transform systems with major morphological anomalies: Andrew Bain (a), Atlantis II (b), Bullard (c), Heezen and Tharp (d), Bouvet (e), and Jan Mayen (f). OCC: Oceanic core complex; SWIR: Southwest Indian Ridge; AAR: American-Antarctic Ridge; PAR: Pacific-Antarctic Ridge; MAR: Mid-Atlantic Ridge.
Figure 12. The maximum moment magnitude (
$M_{\rm{w}}^{{\rm{max}}} $ ) of the transform earthquake versus transform sub-segment length (a), full spreading rate (b), transform sub-segment age offset (c), and seismogenic area (d, At). Open circles denote Mwmax of the global transform faults. Filled circles and black thin lines show the average$M_{\rm{w}}^{{\rm{max}}} $ and standard deviations for each spreading rate. Color definition is the same as in Fig. 3. Gray squares in b show the empirical corner magnitudes of three subgroups by maximum likelihood. The solid curve denotes the calculated corner magnitude (Bird et al., 2002). Dashed curves in d show the calculated Mw dependence on At with slip (S) of 60 cm and 0.5 cm.A1. Topography maps of tectonic regions studied. a. JDF: Juan de Fuca Ridge; b. EPR: East Pacific Rise; c. ADEN-CIR: Aden Ridge-Central Indian Ridge; d. CR: Chile Rise; e. N. MAR: North Mid-Atlantic Ridge; f. S. MAR: South Mid-Atlantic Ridge; g. PAR: Pacific-Antarctic Ridge; h. SWIR: Southwest Indian Ridge; and i. SEIR: Southeast Indian Ridge. Yellow stars: mid-point of a transform sub-segment analyzed for length. Black lines: transform depth analyzed. Red lines: adjacent ridges depth analyzed. Green lines: along ridge-transform profiles from the global bathymetry dataset; Blue dots: ridge-transform intersections.
A3. Correlation between FAA and depth of the analyzed transform faults (black) and adjacent ridges (red). Multiple regions: a. EPR: East Pacific Rise; b. PAR: Pacific-Antarctic Ridge; c. JDF: Juan de Fuca Ridge; d. SEIR: Southeast Indian Ridge; e. CR: Chile Rise; f. ADEN: Aden Ridge; g. CIR: Central Indian Ridge; h. N. MAR: North Mid-Atlantic Ridge; i. S. MAR: South Mid-Atlantic Ridge; j. AAR: American-Antarctic Ridge; k. SWIR: Southwest Indian Ridge. Grey lines represent the best-fitting lines of the ridge values for each region.
A2. Depth of 78 ridge-transform fault systems
No.1) Name DT/km STD of DT/km DR/km DR1/km STD of DR1/km DR2/km STD of DR2/km DT–DR/km STD of (DT–DR)/km 1 Alula Fartak 3.90 0.77 3.56 3.49 0.46 3.63 0.34 0.34 1.17 2 Amsterdam 2.97 0.54 2.41 2.07 0.08 2.76 0.08 0.56 0.62 3–5 Andrew Bain 5.54 0.73 3.71 4.32 0.48 3.10 0.63 1.83 1.28 6 Argo 4.09 0.47 3.39 3.04 0.20 3.74 0.40 0.70 0.77 7–8 Ascension 3.62 0.22 3.66 3.82 0.30 3.50 0.21 0.04 0.48 9 Atlantis 4.71 0.32 4.24 4.25 0.31 4.23 0.49 0.48 0.72 10 Atlantis II 5.32 0.76 4.14 4.17 0.65 4.12 0.46 1.18 1.32 11 Balleny 2.98 0.44 2.41 2.73 0.08 2.08 0.07 0.57 0.51 12 Birubi 4.45 0.50 3.86 3.97 0.31 3.74 0.23 0.60 0.77 13–17 Blanco 3.08 0.62 2.80 2.25 0.02 3.35 0.26 0.28 0.76 20 Boomerang 2.30 0.15 1.99 1.94 0.08 2.05 0.08 0.30 0.23 21 Bouvet 4.77 0.31 2.06 1.49 0.35 2.63 0.49 2.72 0.73 22 Bullard A 4.98 0.23 4.31 4.19 0.35 4.44 0.14 0.67 0.47 23 Bullard B 5.31 0.96 4.28 4.39 0.15 4.18 0.36 1.02 1.21 to be continued A3. Depth of ridge-transform intersections
Latitude Longitude Depth
/kmFull rate
/(mm·a–1)Nodal high
/nodal basinLatitude Longitude Depth
/kmFull rate
/(mm·a–1)Nodal high
/nodal basin65.269°S 175.960°W 3.11 56.70 nodal high 11.517°S 12.996°W 4.50 29.98 nodal basin 65.998°S 174.550°W 3.46 56.70 nodal high 7.077°S 12.979°W 4.89 29.51 nodal basin 64.341°S 171.130°W 2.51 56.74 nodal high 17.705°S 12.962°W 4.21 30.28 nodal basin 64.865°S 170.200°W 2.46 56.74 nodal high 22.428°S 12.890°W 3.99 30.40 nodal basin 166.100°S 62.199°W 3.25 47.58 nodal high 12.886°S 7.3049°W 3.89 29.54 nodal basin 63.255°S 163.420°W 2.49 47.58 nodal high 22.749°S 12.806°W 3.36 30.40 nodal basin 62.440°S 161.910°W 2.49 46.71 nodal high 28.194°S 12.637°W 4.38 30.35 nodal basin 63.075°S 160.480°W 2.95 46.71 nodal high 28.823°S 12.443°W 3.70 30.19 nodal basin 62.822°S 158.360°W 3.13 45.98 nodal high 5.1312°S 12.266°W 3.52 29.27 nodal basin 63.241°S 157.370°W 3.04 45.98 nodal high 21.352°S 11.962°W 3.74 30.34 nodal basin 62.091°S 155.760°W 2.87 64.73 nodal high 71.632°N 11.916°W 3.77 15.45 nodal basin 62.382°S 155.120°W 2.59 64.73 nodal high 22.200°S 11.801°W 4.43 30.40 nodal basin 59.460°S 151.250°W 2.34 68.94 nodal high 4.975°S 11.645°W 4.07 29.27 nodal basin 59.767°S 150.380°W 2.37 68.94 nodal high 21.217°S 11.493°W 3.47 30.34 nodal basin 57.468°S 148.020°W 2.41 71.90 nodal high 6.6507°S 11.236°W 3.99 29.51 nodal basin 57.815°S 146.950°W 2.75 71.90 nodal high 46.977°S 10.497°W 2.70 27.44 nodal high 55.794°S 144.810°W 3.06 74.49 nodal high 49.315°S 9.8428°W 4.22 26.90 nodal basin 57.103°S 140.270°W 4.35 74.49 nodal basin 48.940°S 8.0912°W 3.62 26.90 nodal basin 56.108°S 139.380°W 3.31 75.45 nodal high 50.679°S 7.1415°W 2.71 27.00 nodal high 56.339°S 138.770°W 2.59 75.45 nodal high 57.357°S 6.9874°W 3.48 13.40 nodal high 54.119°S 136.970°W 2.25 77.89 nodal high 57.895°S 6.957°W 4.99 13.43 nodal basin 54.671°S 135.170°W 2.45 77.89 nodal high 70.982°N 6.6191°W 3.71 15.45 nodal basin 53.755°S 134.470°W 2.64 78.82 nodal high 57.265°S 6.1008°W 3.41 13.40 nodal high 44.444°N 130.420°W 2.38 51.06 nodal high 56.692°S 6.0138°W 3.16 14.00 nodal high 55.410°S 127.720°W 2.69 78.82 nodal high 50.252°S 5.1492°W 2.95 27.00 nodal high 54.821°S 127.400°W 2.63 79.02 nodal high 56.626°S 4.7143°W 2.93 14.00 nodal high 42.992°N 126.610°W 3.54 51.06 nodal high 55.822°S 4.6404°W 4.90 14.51 nodal basin 56.088°S 121.670°W 3.36 79.02 nodal high 54.254°S 2.4183°W 2.77 26.90 nodal high to be continued Table 1. Average and standard deviation (STD) values of morphological parameters of oceanic transform faults
Parameter* Average/STD Ultraslow Slow Intermediate Fast LF/km 185.3/152.7 172.9/201.1 158.2/145.5 108.1/49.5 LS/km 163.9/118.3 122.9/120.4 108.6/98.2 44.7/38.1 AOF/Ma 29.9/26.6 11.0/12.5 4.7/4.3 2.1/1.2 AOS/Ma 26.4/22.2 7.8/8.2 3.2/2.8 0.8/1.0 DT/km 4.60/0.85 4.27/0.59 3.53/0.71 3.42/0.36 DR/km 3.44/0.78 3.68/0.44 2.86/0.57 2.72/0.23 DT–DR/km –1.16/0.60 –0.59/0.52 –0.66/0.60 –0.70/0.39 DN.H./km 3.25/0.64 3.27/0.60 2.75/0.44 3.01/0.24 DN.B./km 4.50/0.73 3.95/0.57 3.68/0.63 3.39/0.14 Note: * LF: full transform length; LS: transform sub-segment length; AOF: full transform age offset; AOS: transform sub-segment age offset; DT: depth of transform fault; DR: depth of adjacent ridges; DT–DR: depth difference of transform fault and ridge; DN.H.: depth of nodal high; DN.B.: depth of nodal basin. Table 2. Transform width at the mid-point of 44 investigated transform faults
Transform fault Width/km Transform fault Width/km Transform fault Width/km Transform fault Width/km Alula Fartak 29 Clipperton 25 Islas Orcadas 32 SEIR 120E 14 Amsterdam 13 Conrad 38 Kane 26 SEIR 88E 10 Ascension 36 Du Toit 35 MAR 15 20 27 SEIR 96E 18 Atlantis 30 Euroka 19 Marie Celeste 28 Shaka 36 Atlantis II 45 Falkland 26 Menard 12 Tharp 20 Blanco 15 Garrett B 22 Oceanographer 27 Valdavia 17 Bouvet 36 Geelvinck 20 Orozco 16 Vema 37 Bullard A 36 Gemino 36 Rivera 23 Vema II 27 Bullard B 40 Hayes 27 Romanche 50 Vlamingh 36 Chain 36 Heezen 20 SEIR 100E 18 Wilkes 25 CIR 12°12’ 30 Hillegom’s Hole 14 SEIR 106E 25 Zeewolf 21 Table 3. Examples of transform faults with major anomalies
Transform fault Ridge system LF>400 km LS>400 km AOF>40 Ma AOS>40 Ma Depth anomalies Width>40 km Andrew Bain SWIR √ √ √ √ Atlantis II SWIR √ Bouvet SWIR √ Bullard AAR √ √ √ √ √ Shackelton AAR √ √ Doldrums MAR √ √ Romanche MAR √ √ √ √ √ √ Saint Paul MAR √ √ Jan Mayen MAR √ Chile CR √ √ Valdavia CR √ George V SEIR √ Tasman SEIR √ Heezen PAR √ Tharp PAR √ √ A1. Compilation of global oceanic transform faults with a total of 201 individual fault segments1)
No. Name Segment mid-point Length/km Full rate/
(mm·a–1)Age offset/Ma $M_{\rm{w}}^{\max } $ At/km2 Latitude Longitude 1 Alula Fartak 13.94°N 51.71°E 203 18.90 21.48 6.6 2724 2 Amsterdam 36.70°S 78.69°E 108 62.02 3.48 6.2 584 3 Andrew Bain A 47.49°S 32.23°E 87 13.35 13.03 6.4 909 4 Andrew Bain B 48.55°S 31.30°E 148 13.34 22.19 6.4 2018 5 Andrew Bain C 51.00°S 29.07°E 471 13.33 70.67 6.4 11464 6 Argo 13.59°S 66.35°E 102 33.33 6.12 6.0 731 7 Ascension A 7.37°S 13.25°W 58 29.54 3.93 5.6 333 8 Ascension B 6.88°S 12.14°W 203 29.51 13.76 6.0 2180 9 Atlantis 30.06°N 42.35°W 63 22.40 5.63 5.8 432 10 Atlantis II 32.76°S 57.04°E 201 12.02 33.44 5.8 3365 11 Balleny 61.43°S 154.81°E 350 64.50 10.85 6.7 3340 12 Birubi 49.50°S 127.26°E 148 69.62 4.25 5.4 884 13 Blanco A 44.33°N 129.92°W 94 51.06 3.68 6.2 523 14 Blanco B 44.05°N 129.23°W 24 51.01 0.94 6.2 67 15 Blanco C 43.89°N 128.84°W 41 50.99 1.61 5.4 150 16 Blanco D 43.45°N 127.81°W 135 50.94 5.30 6.4 900 17 Blanco E 43.08°N 126.83°W 41 50.93 1.61 6.4 151 18 Bode Verde A 12.25°S 14.59°W 56 30.02 3.73 4.9 313 19 Bode Verde B 11.68°S 13.70°W 162 29.98 10.81 6.2 1542 20 Boomerang 37.36°S 78.21°E 35 62.15 1.13 5.8 108 21 Bouvet 54.26°S 1.92°E 201 12.72 31.60 6.6 3271 22 Bullard A 59.13°S 17.14°W 95 12.99 14.63 6.2 1051 23 Bullard B 58.18°S 11.49°W 526 13.43 78.33 6.8 13479 24 Chain 1.24°S 14.52°W 313 28.58 21.9 6.8 4242 25 Challenger A 37.00°S 96.62°W 78 46.56 3.35 5.8 414 26 Challenger B 37.11°S 95.72°W 67 46.58 2.88 – 329 27 Challenger C 37.25°S 95.19°W 20 46.61 0.86 – 53 28 Challenger D 37.32°S 94.58°W 82 46.62 3.52 5.4 446 29 Charlie Gibbs A 52.62°N 33.26°W 203 21.73 18.68 7.1 2541 30 Charlie Gibbs B 52.12°N 30.82°W 110 21.83 10.08 5.8 1011 31 Chile 38S A 38.33°S 93.63°W 43 46.85 1.84 5.3 169 32 Chile 38S B 38.41°S 92.98°W 68 46.86 2.90 – 336 33 Chile 39S 38.96°S 92.07°W 84 46.98 3.58 6.1 460 34 Chile A 35.14°S 106.51°W 493 46.42 21.24 6.3 6580 35 Chile B 35.90°S 102.79°W 186 46.46 8.01 6.7 1525 36 Chile C 36.21°S 99.42°W 420 46.43 18.09 6.5 5174 37 Chiloe 43.03°S 83.08°W 61 47.82 2.55 5.6 282 38 CIR 10S 10.09°S 66.56°E 76 30.95 4.91 5.0 488 39 CIR 12 12 11.85°S 65.99°E 106 31.90 6.65 5.7 791 40 CIR 16S 16.29°S 66.97°E 110 35.58 6.18 5.6 792 41 CIR 1S 1.19°S 67.52°E 50 29.87 3.35 5.8 265 42 CIR 5S 4.73°S 68.59°E 49 31.00 3.16 5.3 252 43 CIR 6S 6.83°S 68.24°E 89 31.35 5.68 5.4 614 44 CIR 7S 7.61°S 68.08°E 62 30.17 4.11 5.4 364 45 Clipperton 10.22°N 103.95°W 84 106.28 1.58 6.6 307 46 Conrad 55.71°S 3.16°W 198 14.51 27.29 6.7 2995 47 Darwin 45.90°S 76.36°W 53 48.30 2.19 5.9 227 48 Discovery A 4.01°S 104.35°W 36 123.55 0.58 6.0 80 49 Discovery B 4.00°S 104.01°W 27 123.48 0.44 5.8 52 50 Discovery II A 43.30°S 41.66°E 124 12.91 19.21 6.4 1573 51 Discovery II B 41.86°S 42.59°E 216 12.89 33.51 6.7 3620 52 Doldrums A 8.82°N 40.02°W 109 25.56 8.53 5.6 922 53 Doldrums B 8.21°N 38.78°W 162 25.74 12.59 7.0 1664 54 Doldrums C 7.72°N 37.38°W 149 25.89 11.51 6.2 1464 55 Doldrums D 7.40°N 35.66°W 229 26.00 17.62 6.5 2783 to be continued Continued from Table A1 No. Name Segment mid-point Length/km Full rate/
(mm·a–1)Age offset/Ma $M_{\rm{w}}^{\max } $ At/km2 Latitude Longitude 56 Doldrums E 7.19°N 34.28°W 77 26.08 5.90 5.9 542 57 Du Toit 53.01°S 25.48°E 130 13.29 19.56 6.2 1664 58 Egeria 20.13°S 66.58°E 46 38.13 2.41 5.5 207 59 Eric Simpson 43.73°S 39.25°E 89 13.03 13.66 6.7 952 60 Euroka 49.23°S 126.10°E 134 69.76 3.84 5.6 761 61 Falkland 47.31°S 12.25°W 181 27.44 13.19 6.0 1904 62 Flinders 20.24°S 67.26°E 65 38.48 3.38 5.2 346 63 Gallieni 36.64°S 52.32°E 114 12.34 18.48 6.9 1418 64 Garrett A 13.41°S 112.15°W 39 133.99 0.58 5.9 87 65 Garrett B 13.42°S 111.80°W 26 133.94 0.39 5.2 47 66 Garrett C 13.449°S 111.525°W 32 133.90 0.48 5.7 – 67 Garrett D 13.476°S 111.242°W 27 133.86 0.40 5.8 – 68 Gauss 35.00°S 54.12°E 59 12.23 9.65 6.2 530 69 Gazelle 35.80°S 53.43°E 81 12.27 13.20 5.8 852 70 Geelvinck 41.96°S 84.71°E 303 65.60 9.24 5.5 2668 71 Gemino 22.78°S 69.29°E 38 40.99 1.85 5.4 150 72 George V A 51.35°S 139.72°E 235 67.49 6.96 6.5 1797 73 George V B 53.24°S 140.55°E 179 67.30 5.32 5.8 1196 74 GoC 24N 24.24°N 109.05°W 61 50.37 2.42 6.1 885 75 GoC 25N 24.98°N 109.52°W 119 49.85 4.77 6.7 753 76 Gofar A 4.59°S 105.85°W 95 124.55 1.53 6.2 341 77 Gofar B 4.58°S 105.26°W 29 124.40 0.47 6.0 58 78 Gofar C 4.56°S 104.88°W 46 124.30 0.74 6.1 115 79 Gough 39.79°S 16.23°W 56 28.98 3.86 4.9 319 80 Guafo 44.70°S 80.15°W 286 48.10 11.89 6.4 2857 81 Guamblin 45.71°S 77.37°W 80 48.27 3.31 6.0 422 82 Hayes 33.66°N 38.65°W 80 21.65 7.39 6.1 629 83 Heemskerck A 50.01°S 115.58°E 19 70.34 0.54 – 40 84 Heemskerck B 49.88°S 115.93°E 24 70.34 0.68 – 57 85 Heemskerck C 49.65°S 116.19°E 27 70.34 0.77 – 68 86 Heemskerck D 49.40°S 116.47°E 31 70.33 0.88 – 84 87 Heezen 55.42°S 124.53°W 382 79.02 9.67 6.4 3441 88 Herron 56.29°S 139.07°W 26 75.45 0.69 5.9 63 89 Hillegom’s Hole 38.66°S 78.31°E 59 62.70 1.88 6.4 235 90 Hollister A 54.22°S 136.90°W 23 77.89 0.59 6.3 51 91 Hollister B 54.35°S 136.23°W 62 77.93 1.59 6.4 227 92 Hollister C 54.53°S 135.39°W 34 77.95 0.87 6.1 92 93 Indomed 39.47°S 46.11°E 141 12.73 22.15 5.8 1921 94 Islas Orcadas 54.18°S 6.10°E 100 12.85 15.56 6.1 1142 95 Jan Mayen A 71.37°S 9.64°W 127 15.45 16.44 6.7 1491 96 Jan Mayen B 71.14°N 7.39°W 27 15.45 3.50 6.7 145 97 Kane 23.74°N 45.62°W 146 23.43 12.46 6.4 1492 98 L’Astronome 59.65°S 150.85°W 56 68.94 1.62 6.0 207 99 Le Geographe 57.63°S 147.50°W 70 71.90 1.95 5.9 283 100 Mabahiss 3.04°S 68.12°E 42 30.48 2.76 5.6 202 101 MAR 15 20 15.28°N 45.74°W 193 23.57 16.38 6.0 2262 102 MAR 18S 17.72°S 13.37°W 91 30.34 6.00 5.5 645 103 MAR 21S 21.23°S 11.72°W 45 30.40 2.96 – 224 104 MAR 22S A 22.82°S 13.26°W 85 30.39 5.59 5.4 582 105 MAR 22S B 22.28°S 12.37°W 86 30.40 5.66 5.2 592 106 MAR 22S C 22.02°S 11.83°W 22 30.40 1.45 5.2 76 107 MAR 25 50S 25.66°S 13.74°W 39 30.32 2.57 5.5 181 108 MAR 25S 24.90°S 13.55°W 37 30.35 2.44 5.4 167 109 MAR 29 45S 29.76°S 13.77°W 27 30.10 1.79 – 104 110 MAR 29S A 29.19°S 13.45°W 74 30.13 4.91 5.0 475 to be continued Continued from Table A1 No. Name Segment mid-point Length/km Full rate/
(mm·a–1)Age offset/Ma $M_{\rm{w}}^{\max } $ At/km2 Latitude Longitude 111 MAR 29S B 28.87°S 12.77°W 59 30.15 3.91 5.2 338 112 MAR 32S A 32.50°S 14.42°W 23 29.87 1.54 – 82 113 MAR 32S B 32.27°S 13.95°W 57 29.89 3.81 5.3 322 114 MAR 32S C 32.11°S 13.48°W 29 29.90 1.94 5.9 117 115 MAR 34S 34.16°S 14.83°W 69 29.71 4.64 5.2 431 116 MAR 35S 35.40°S 16.51°W 250 29.60 16.89 6.9 2975 117 MAR 40S 40.35°S 16.64°W 40 28.90 2.77 – 192 118 MAR 50S 49.13°S 9.14°W 110 26.90 8.18 5.4 911 119 MAR 5S 5.04°S 11.94°W 78 29.27 5.33 5.6 521 120 Marathon 12.64°N 44.46°W 88 24.41 7.21 5.5 684 121 Marie Celeste 17.51°S 66.00°E 219 35.99 12.17 6.6 2213 122 Marion 46.47°S 33.66°E 109 13.22 16.49 6.2 1281 123 Melville 29.84°S 60.78°E 92 11.74 15.67 6.9 1054 124 Menard 49.56°S 115.24°W 208 85.47 4.87 6.4 1330 125 Mendocino 40.3735°N 126.039°W 237 49.48 9.58 – – 126 Novara 31.43°S 58.41°E 45 11.93 7.54 – 362 127 Oceanographer 35.18°N 35.64°W 121 21.27 11.38 6.3 1182 128 Orozco A 15.41°N 105.11°W 46 87.81 1.05 5.3 137 129 Orozco B 15.16°N 104.58°W 23 88.85 0.52 5.6 48 130 Owen 11.42°N 57.54°E 335 22.84 29.33 6.5 5254 131 PAR 161 61.78°S 161.50°E 77 45.98 3.35 6.0 408 132 PAR 163 62.10°S 163.36°E 85 46.71 3.64 5.3 470 133 PAR 165 62.38°S 165.46°E 89 47.58 3.74 5.9 499 134 Pitman 64.53°S 170.78°W 71 56.74 2.50 5.3 325 135 Prince Edward 45.45°S 35.13°E 146 13.19 22.14 6.4 1989 136 Quebrada A 3.74°S 103.68°W 27 123.12 0.44 5.6 52 137 Quebrada B 3.73°S 103.44°W 22 123.05 0.36 5.3 38 138 Quebrada C 3.70°S 103.189°W 27 122.97 0.44 4.9 52 139 Quebrada D 3.73°S 102.86°W 42 122.94 0.68 5.6 – 140 Raitt A 54.33°S 120.10°W 88 80.94 2.17 5.4 376 141 Raitt B 54.49°S 118.94°W 58 80.99 1.43 6.0 201 142 Rio Grande 28.23°S 12.94°W 57 30.19 3.78 5.2 321 143 Rivera A 19.57°N 108.68°W 177 73.00 4.85 6.3 1130 144 Rivera B 18.76°N 107.16°W 197 73.00 5.40 6.9 1326 145 Romanche 0.53°S 20.63°W 878 28.27 62.12 7.1 20036 146 Saint Exupery 62.24°S 155.42°W 42 64.73 1.30 5.7 139 147 Saint Paul A 0.93°N 29.02°W 297 27.71 21.44 6.6 3982 148 Saint Paul B 0.87°N 27.04°W 146 27.77 10.51 5.9 1371 149 Saint Paul C 0.74°N 25.92°W 96 27.83 6.90 6.1 730 150 Saint Paul D 0.62°N 25.23°W 50 27.88 3.59 6.0 274 151 Sealark 3.88°S 68.47°E 63 30.78 4.09 5.1 369 152 SEIR 100E 47.68°S 99.81°E 129 69.46 3.71 6.5 721 153 SEIR 106E A 49.09°S 106.26°E 56 70.11 1.60 5.0 205 154 SEIR 106E B 48.64°S 106.79°E 59 70.12 1.68 5.5 222 155 SEIR 120 49.49°S 120.42°E 154 70.19 4.39 5.3 935 156 SEIR 121 49.36°S 121.53°E 80 70.13 2.28 5.3 350 157 SEIR 122 49.71°S 122.73°E 50 70.04 1.43 5.3 173 158 SEIR 88E 41.92°S 88.42°E 65 66.47 1.96 5.8 264 159 SEIR 96E A 45.66°S 96.03°E 89 68.69 2.59 6.4 415 160 SEIR 96E B 46.43°S 96.14°E 40 68.82 1.16 5.7 125 161 Shackelton 59.77°S 59.12°W 332 6.83 97.22 6.6 9477 162 Shaka 53.55°S 9.02°E 199 12.92 30.80 6.8 3198 163 Siqueiros A 8.40°N 104.05°W 24 112.24 0.43 5.5 46 164 Siqueiros B 8.38°N 103.66°W 34 112.48 0.60 5.6 77 165 Siqueiros C 8.36°N 103.42°W 18 112.68 0.32 5.8 30 to be continued Continued from Table A1 No. Name Segment mid-point Length/km Full rate/
(mm·a–1)Age offset/Ma $M_{\rm{w}}^{\max } $ At/km2 Latitude Longitude 166 Siqueiros D 8.36°N 103.21°W 17 112.89 0.30 5.8 27 167 Siqueiros E 8.38°N 103.00°W 17 112.96 0.30 5.9 27 168 Sovanco 48.98°N 129.77°W 135 53.90 5.01 6.7 875 169 St Vincent 54.50°S 144.12°E 58 66.50 1.74 5.9 222 170 Strakhov 3.94°N 32.08°W 108 26.96 8.01 5.5 885 171 Tasman A 55.23°S 146.33°E 90 66.05 2.73 6.9 431 172 Tasman B 56.59°S 147.28°E 218 65.82 6.62 6.4 1626 173 Tasman C 57.80°S 148.47°E 62 65.51 1.89 6.5 247 174 Tasman D 58.87°S 149.25°E 173 65.29 5.30 6.3 1154 175 Tasman E 59.89°S 150.57°E 82 65.29 2.51 6.5 377 176 Ter Tholen 33.44°S 77.72°E 89 60.26 2.95 5.3 443 177 Tetyaev 16.25°S 13.75°W 123 30.28 8.12 5.5 1015 178 Tharp 54.59°S 131.12°W 462 78.82 11.72 6.6 4582 179 Tomayo 23.08°N 108.34°W 65 50.95 2.55 6.5 301 180 Udintsev 56.41°S 142.43°W 325 74.49 8.73 6.4 2781 181 Vacquier 53.04°S 118.09°W 52 82.29 1.26 5.8 170 182 Valdavia A 41.09°S 91.56°W 49 47.42 2.07 5.4 204 183 Valdavia B 41.20°S 90.81°W 77 47.45 3.25 5.8 402 184 Valdavia C 41.30°S 89.74°W 97 47.47 4.09 5.7 568 185 Valdavia D 41.35°S 88.44°W 119 47.48 5.01 5.7 772 186 Valdavia E 41.41°S 86.72°W 165 47.51 6.95 5.9 1260 187 Valdavia F 41.49°S 85.14°W 69 47.54 2.90 5.6 340 188 Valdavia G 41.57°S 84.52°W 23 47.56 0.97 – 65 189 Vema 10.78°N 42.29°W 307 24.98 24.58 6.9 4407 190 Vema II 8.92°S 67.44°E 237 30.63 15.48 6.2 2700 191 Vityaz 5.69°S 68.37°E 105 31.14 6.74 5.7 790 192 Vlamingh 41.47°S 80.36°E 123 64.35 3.82 6.4 697 193 Warringa A 49.41°S 123.38°E 38 70.00 1.09 5.3 115 194 Warringa B 49.07°S 123.87°E 49 69.97 1.40 – 168 195 Wilkes A 9.02°S 109.21°W 35 129.79 0.54 5.9 75 196 Wilkes B 9.06°S 108.69°W 74 129.74 1.14 6.1 230 197 Yaquina A 6.25°S 107.31°W 23 126.66 0.36 5.6 40 198 Yaquina B 6.18°S 106.99°W 21 126.51 0.33 5.2 35 199 Zeehaen 50.12°S 114.12°E 71 70.35 2.02 5.6 292 200 Zeewolf A 35.44°S 78.46°E 32 61.41 1.04 5.0 95 201 Zeewolf B 35.18°S 78.64°E 29 61.36 0.95 5.3 82 Notes: 1) Data are from Wolfson-Schwehr (2015) and Wolfson-Schwehr & Boettcher (2019). – means no earthquakes recorded by the International Seismic Network or no estimate of At provided by Wolfson-Schwehr (2015) and Wolfson-Schwehr and Boettcher (2019). Continued from Table A2 No. Name DT/km STD of DT/km DR/km DR1/km STD of DR1/km DR2/km STD of DR2/km DT–DR/km STD of (DT–DR)/km 24 Chain 5.06 0.39 4.25 4.41 0.17 4.09 0.31 0.81 0.63 29 Charlie Gibbs A 3.93 0.21 3.06 2.58 0.16 3.54 0.38 0.87 0.48 30 Charlie Gibbs B 4.16 0.18 3.53 3.60 0.41 3.47 0.33 0.63 0.55 34–36 Chile 3.83 0.37 3.58 3.19 0.20 3.97 0.32 0.25 0.63 39 CIR 1212 3.89 0.42 3.79 3.95 0.21 3.64 0.25 0.10 0.65 45 Clipperton 2.97 0.28 2.60 2.58 0.04 2.63 0.11 0.36 0.36 46 Conrad 4.70 0.37 3.89 3.64 0.32 4.14 0.28 0.81 0.67 48–49 Discovery 3.50 0.25 3.06 2.75 0.03 3.38 0.09 0.43 0.32 50 Discovery II A 4.36 0.33 3.42 2.97 0.75 3.88 0.59 0.94 1.01 51 Discovery II B 4.82 0.35 3.68 3.82 0.56 3.53 0.13 1.14 0.70 52–56 Doldrums 4.37 0.37 4.14 4.37 0.20 3.91 0.19 0.23 0.57 57 Du Toit 5.53 0.29 4.11 4.10 0.27 4.13 0.58 1.41 0.72 59 Eric Simpson 3.40 0.53 2.52 2.23 0.46 2.81 0.39 0.88 0.95 60 Euroka 4.64 0.23 4.49 4.35 0.09 4.63 0.06 0.15 0.31 61 Falkland 3.87 0.62 3.02 3.38 0.17 2.67 0.46 0.85 0.94 64–67 Garrett 3.87 0.52 2.70 2.71 0.04 2.70 0.16 1.17 0.62 70 Geelvinck 3.84 0.35 2.71 2.86 0.16 2.56 0.10 1.13 0.47 71 Gemino 2.96 0.39 3.41 3.35 0.05 3.46 0.16 0.45 0.49 72–73 GeorgeV 3.31 0.28 2.85 2.75 0.20 2.95 0.15 0.46 0.46 76–78 Gofar 3.59 0.35 2.70 2.64 0.09 2.75 0.03 0.89 0.41 82 Hayes 3.85 0.29 3.02 2.67 0.34 3.38 0.25 0.83 0.58 87 Heezen 4.51 0.94 2.46 2.63 0.11 2.30 0.05 2.04 1.02 88 Herron 2.90 0.07 2.77 2.87 0.18 2.68 0.08 0.13 0.20 89 Hillegom’s Hole 2.94 0.55 2.15 2.14 0.09 2.15 0.13 0.80 0.66 90–92 Hollister 3.04 0.64 2.32 2.25 0.04 2.40 0.04 0.72 0.68 93 Indomed 3.96 0.30 3.23 3.09 0.37 3.37 0.13 0.73 0.55 94 Islas Orcadas 4.59 0.27 3.76 3.74 0.24 3.77 0.25 0.83 0.51 95–96 JanMayen 2.22 0.47 1.67 1.31 0.68 2.02 0.88 0.55 1.25 97 Kane 4.19 0.26 4.20 4.38 0.30 4.03 0.49 0.02 0.66 101 MAR 1520 4.57 0.29 4.14 4.30 0.55 3.99 0.32 0.43 0.72 116 MAR 35S 4.02 0.23 3.66 3.90 0.20 3.43 0.37 0.35 0.52 121 Marie Celeste 4.50 0.58 3.35 3.10 0.27 3.60 0.51 1.14 0.97 122 Marion 4.96 0.35 3.15 3.00 0.58 3.31 0.90 1.81 1.09 124 Menard 3.90 0.58 2.33 2.33 0.12 2.33 0.04 1.57 0.66 127 Oceanographer 4.04 0.25 2.95 2.81 0.50 3.10 0.53 1.08 0.77 128–129 Orozco 3.47 0.37 2.63 2.35 0.06 2.92 0.08 0.83 0.45 130 Owen 4.58 0.23 4.15 4.05 0.21 4.25 0.26 0.43 0.46 135 Prince Edward 4.73 0.32 2.87 3.24 0.91 2.51 0.83 1.86 1.19 136–139 Quebrada 4.01 0.24 3.18 3.41 0.14 2.95 0.03 0.83 0.33 140–141 Raitt 3.17 0.41 2.47 2.44 0.04 2.51 0.03 0.69 0.44 143–144 Rivera 4.10 1.01 2.72 2.67 0.06 2.76 0.07 1.38 1.07 145 Romanche 5.59 0.82 3.78 3.76 0.25 3.79 0.37 1.81 1.13 147–150 Saint Paul 3.71 0.95 3.60 3.36 0.43 3.85 0.13 0.11 1.23 152 SEIR100E 3.39 0.25 2.71 2.70 0.04 2.73 0.05 0.68 0.30 153–154 SEIR107E 3.72 0.33 3.54 3.66 0.09 3.42 0.11 0.18 0.43 155 Zeehaen 4.39 0.26 3.79 3.22 0.14 4.37 0.07 0.59 0.36 156 St Vincent 2.96 0.05 2.50 2.54 0.08 2.45 0.12 0.46 0.15 158 SEIR 88E 3.59 0.43 2.58 2.56 0.08 2.61 0.03 1.00 0.48 159 SEIR 96E A 2.50 0.54 2.99 3.24 0.05 2.74 0.11 0.49 0.62 160 SEIR 96E B 3.52 0.15 2.91 2.54 0.03 3.29 0.13 0.61 0.23 162 Shaka 5.16 0.49 4.07 3.79 0.30 4.36 0.18 1.08 0.73 163–167 Siqueiros 3.30 0.42 2.67 2.58 0.04 2.76 0.02 0.64 0.45 171–175 Tasman 2.64 0.51 2.58 2.35 0.11 2.82 0.05 0.06 0.59 176 Ter Tholen 3.69 0.16 3.33 3.67 0.06 2.98 0.09 0.37 0.24 178 Tharp 4.96 0.71 2.55 2.39 0.04 2.71 0.14 2.40 0.80 180 Udintsev 4.26 0.91 3.11 2.66 0.13 3.56 0.20 1.15 1.08 to be continued Continued from Table A2 No. Name DT/km STD of DT/km DR/km DR1/km STD of DR1/km DR2/km STD of DR2/km DT–DR/km STD of (DT–DR)/km 181 Vacquier 3.01 0.14 2.67 2.40 0.11 2.94 0.10 0.34 0.25 182–188 Valdavia 4.45 0.49 3.55 3.75 0.27 3.35 0.40 0.90 0.82 189 Vema 5.02 0.39 4.40 4.53 0.44 4.27 0.40 0.62 0.81 190 Vema II 5.19 0.88 3.70 3.83 0.35 3.57 0.45 1.48 1.28 192 Vlamingh 3.35 0.31 2.65 2.64 0.07 2.66 0.02 0.71 0.36 195–196 Wilkes 3.11 0.35 2.85 2.76 0.10 2.94 0.04 0.26 0.42 197–198 Yaquina 3.17 0.21 2.79 2.81 0.03 2.77 0.04 0.38 0.24 200–201 Zeewolf 3.66 0.33 3.27 3.12 0.07 3.41 0.08 0.39 0.40 160 SEIR 96E B 3.52 0.15 2.91 2.54 0.03 3.29 0.13 0.61 0.23 162 Shaka 5.16 0.49 4.07 3.79 0.30 4.36 0.18 1.08 0.73 163–167 Siqueiros 3.30 0.42 2.67 2.58 0.04 2.76 0.02 0.64 0.45 171–175 Tasman 2.64 0.51 2.58 2.35 0.11 2.82 0.05 0.06 0.59 176 Ter Tholen 3.69 0.16 3.33 3.67 0.06 2.98 0.09 0.37 0.24 178 Tharp 4.96 0.71 2.55 2.39 0.04 2.71 0.14 2.40 0.80 180 Udintsev 4.26 0.91 3.11 2.66 0.13 3.56 0.20 1.15 1.08 181 Vacquier 3.01 0.14 2.67 2.40 0.11 2.94 0.10 0.34 0.25 182–188 Valdavia 4.45 0.49 3.55 3.75 0.27 3.35 0.40 0.90 0.82 189 Vema 5.02 0.39 4.40 4.53 0.44 4.27 0.40 0.62 0.81 190 Vema II 5.19 0.88 3.70 3.83 0.35 3.57 0.45 1.48 1.28 192 Vlamingh 3.35 0.31 2.65 2.64 0.07 2.66 0.02 0.71 0.36 195–196 Wilkes 3.11 0.35 2.85 2.76 0.10 2.94 0.04 0.26 0.42 197–198 Yaquina 3.17 0.21 2.79 2.81 0.03 2.77 0.04 0.38 0.24 200–201 Zeewolf 3.66 0.33 3.27 3.12 0.07 3.41 0.08 0.39 0.40 Notes: 1) Segment No. same as in Table A1. Continued from Table A3 Latitude Longitude Depth
/kmFull rate
/(mm·a–1)Nodal high
/nodal basinLatitude Longitude Depth
/kmFull rate
/(mm·a–1)Nodal high
/nodal basin54.111°S 120.640°W 3.33 80.94 nodal basin 55.635°S 1.5458°W 4.25 14.51 nodal basin 52.946°S 118.590°W 2.96 82.29 nodal high 55.183°S 1.5414°W 3.39 14.50 nodal basin 54.629°S 118.430°W 2.69 80.94 nodal high 54.026°S 1.3968°W 2.59 26.90 nodal high 53.077°S 117.690°W 2.73 82.29 nodal high 54.814°S 0.48093°W 2.66 14.50 nodal high 49.276°S 116.630°W 3.55 85.47 nodal basin 54.981°S 0.47024°E 1.77 12.72 nodal high 49.875°S 113.880°W 2.94 85.47 nodal high 53.632°S 3.0515°E 4.00 12.72 nodal basin 13.312°S 112.270°W 2.85 133.99 nodal high 54.552°S 5.5524°E 4.42 12.85 nodal basin 13.537°S 111.040°W 3.17 133.99 nodal high 53.841°S 6.6443°E 4.33 12.85 nodal basin 8.8823°S 109.810°W 2.87 129.79 nodal high 54.307°S 7.9931°E 4.47 12.92 nodal basin 20.012°N 109.460°W 2.92 73.00 nodal high 52.902°S 9.928°E 4.44 12.92 nodal basin 35.098°S 109.020°W 3.97 46.42 nodal basin 53.547°S 25.206°E 4.85 13.29 nodal basin 9.180°S 108.260°W 3.20 129.79 nodal high 52.430°S 25.893°E 4.96 13.29 nodal basin 6.2344°S 107.400°W 3.09 126.66 nodal high 52.847°S 27.818°E 5.45 13.34 nodal basin 6.2962°S 106.900°W 2.84 126.66 nodal high 47.033°S 32.147°E 4.83 13.34 nodal basin 4.4948°S 106.270°W 2.73 124.55 nodal high 47.340°S 33.468°E 4.88 13.22 nodal basin 18.475°N 106.220°W 2.73 73.00 nodal high 45.981°S 33.921°E 3.63 13.22 nodal basin 15.323°N 105.360°W 3.11 87.81 nodal high 46.324°S 34.905°E 3.86 13.19 nodal basin 4.7268°S 104.650°W 3.34 124.55 nodal high 44.849°S 35.415°E 4.26 13.19 nodal basin 3.9691°S 104.530°W 2.91 123.55 nodal high 44.143°S 39.161°E 3.69 13.03 nodal high 15.173°N 104.460°W 3.29 87.81 nodal basin 43.259°S 39.466°E 3.35 13.03 nodal high 10.101°N 104.340°W 2.57 106.28 nodal high 43.636°S 41.582°E 4.63 12.91 nodal basin 8.3405°N 104.170°W 2.90 112.24 nodal high 42.735°S 41.805°E 4.61 12.91 nodal basin 4.0426°S 103.790°W 3.37 123.55 nodal high 42.848°S 42.438°E 4.01 12.89 nodal basin 3.6444°S 103.720°W 3.36 123.12 nodal high 40.877°S 42.855°E 3.97 12.89 nodal basin 10.242°N 103.570°W 3.03 106.28 nodal high 40.151°S 46.033°E 3.51 12.73 nodal high 8.5008°N 102.880°W 3.05 112.24 nodal high 38.867°S 46.244°E 3.52 12.73 nodal high 3.8068°S 102.610°W 3.41 123.12 nodal high 13.108°N 51.270°E 3.17 18.90 nodal basin 37.052°S 97.114°W 3.48 46.56 nodal basin 14.731°N 52.207°E 3.88 18.90 nodal basin 36.333°S 97.066°W 3.71 46.42 nodal basin 37.120°S 52.350°E 5.23 12.34 nodal basin 37.347°S 95.285°W 3.76 46.62 nodal basin 36.191°S 52.353°E 5.21 12.34 nodal basin 37.074°S 95.259°W 3.55 46.56 nodal basin 35.559°S 53.435°E 5.49 12.27 nodal basin 37.295°S 94.098°W 2.99 46.62 nodal basin 36.160°S 53.459°E 4.25 12.27 nodal basin 38.335°S 94.081°W 3.25 46.85 nodal basin 14.370°N 53.821°E 3.16 19.00 nodal basin 38.343°S 92.568°W 3.42 46.85 nodal basin 14.761°N 54.013°E 2.91 19.00 nodal basin 39.011°S 92.534°W 3.23 46.98 nodal basin 34.737°S 54.160°E 4.50 12.23 nodal basin 40.279°S 91.867°W 3.88 46.80 nodal basin 35.338°S 54.167°E 4.16 12.23 nodal basin 41.111°S 91.831°W 3.78 47.42 nodal basin 10.127°N 56.727°E 4.34 22.84 nodal basin 38.954°S 91.568°W 3.44 46.98 nodal basin 33.621°S 57.055°E 5.63 12.02 nodal basin 40.242°S 91.540°W 3.57 46.80 nodal basin 31.834°S 57.121°E 4.28 12.02 nodal high 41.259°S 91.256°W 3.65 47.45 nodal basin 12.646°N 58.351°E 4.51 22.84 nodal basin 41.111°S 91.242°W 3.96 47.42 nodal basin 31.679°S 58.437°E 4.32 11.93 nodal basin 41.188°S 90.353°W 4.38 47.45 nodal basin 31.171°S 58.448°E 4.38 11.93 nodal basin 41.335°S 90.349°W 3.99 47.47 nodal basin 29.523°S 60.700°E 5.97 11.74 nodal basin 41.244°S 89.079°W 3.57 47.47 nodal basin 30.311°S 60.804°E 5.29 11.74 nodal basin 41.419°S 89.058°W 4.05 47.48 nodal basin 17.993°S 65.073°E 3.43 35.99 nodal basin 41.311°S 87.733°W 4.20 47.48 nodal basin 12.144°S 65.699°E 3.93 31.90 nodal basin 41.515°S 87.705°W 4.64 47.51 nodal basin 13.966°S 65.875°E 3.14 33.33 nodal basin 41.303°S 85.642°W 4.32 47.51 nodal basin 11.248°S 66.171°E 3.13 31.00 nodal basin 41.541°S 85.608°W 3.95 47.54 nodal basin 10.321°S 66.300°E 4.29 30.90 nodal basin 41.438°S 84.661°W 3.92 47.54 nodal basin 20.274°S 66.347°E 3.47 38.13 nodal basin 41.601°S 84.639°W 4.41 47.56 nodal basin 11.612°S 66.437°E 4.13 31.90 nodal basin 41.531°S 83.897°W 3.97 47.56 nodal basin 16.531°S 66.626°E 3.39 35.58 nodal basin 43.084°S 83.406°W 3.78 47.82 nodal basin 9.5839°S 66.673°E 4.69 30.95 nodal basin 43.002°S 82.685°W 3.95 47.82 nodal basin 20.047°S 66.750°E 4.23 38.13 nodal basin 45.008°S 81.923°W 3.92 48.10 nodal basin 10.819°S 66.758°E 3.10 31.00 nodal basin to be continued Continued from Table A3 Latitude Longitude Depth
/kmFull rate
/(mm·a–1)Nodal high
/nodal basinLatitude Longitude Depth
/kmFull rate
/(mm·a–1)Nodal high
/nodal basin44.478°S 78.347°W 3.57 48.10 nodal basin 13.353°S 66.814°E 3.83 33.33 nodal basin 45.867°S 77.905°W 2.93 48.27 nodal basin 9.8798°S 66.883°E 3.94 30.90 nodal high 45.646°S 76.864°W 3.96 48.27 nodal basin 17.011°S 66.951°E 3.80 35.99 nodal basin 46.006°S 76.715°W 3.25 48.30 nodal basin 20.416°S 66.964°E 3.79 38.48 nodal basin 45.819°S 76.008°W 3.28 48.30 nodal basin 0.43337°S 67.011°E 3.43 29.80 nodal basin 15.382°N 46.632°W 5.00 23.57 nodal basin 0.1128°S 67.255°E 3.61 29.80 nodal basin 23.833°N 46.303°W 5.05 23.43 nodal basin 1.4151°S 67.395°E 3.52 29.87 nodal basin 23.617°N 44.923°W 5.63 23.43 nodal basin 16.050°S 67.427°E 3.88 35.58 nodal basin 12.626°N 44.876°W 4.27 24.41 nodal basin 20.107°S 67.539°E 3.65 38.48 nodal basin 15.192°N 44.855°W 4.98 23.57 nodal basin 1.0705°S 67.676°E 3.24 29.87 nodal basin 12.542°N 44.100°W 4.55 24.41 nodal basin 20.450°S 67.753°E 3.08 38.40 nodal basin 10.845°N 43.715°W 5.18 24.98 nodal basin 7.8644°S 67.848°E 3.57 30.63 nodal high 30.101°N 42.686°W 4.65 22.40 nodal basin 7.1212°S 67.940°E 3.86 30.17 nodal high 30.025°N 41.989°W 4.82 22.40 nodal basin 2.6653°S 67.960°E 3.71 30.40 nodal basin 10.731°N 40.883°W 5.04 24.98 nodal basin 3.2343°S 68.000°E 3.33 30.48 nodal basin 8.8442°N 40.491°W 5.00 25.56 nodal basin 6.0914°S 68.004°E 3.46 31.14 nodal basin 8.8104°N 39.461°W 4.18 25.56 nodal basin 2.8857°S 68.237°E 3.41 30.48 nodal basin 8.1857°N 39.461°W 5.06 25.74 nodal basin 20.201°S 68.238°E 2.98 38.40 nodal basin 33.773°N 39.106°W 3.59 21.65 nodal basin 2.1885°S 68.273°E 3.51 30.40 nodal basin 7.7003°N 38.026°W 5.09 25.89 nodal basin 4.1359°S 68.273°E 3.82 30.78 nodal basin 8.1688°N 38.013°W 4.62 25.74 nodal basin 8.2246°S 68.281°E 4.36 30.95 nodal high 33.515°N 37.861°W 3.73 21.65 nodal basin 7.4356°S 68.302°E 3.44 30.63 nodal high 35.237°N 36.215°W 4.01 21.27 nodal basin 5.0095°S 68.393°E 3.66 31.00 nodal basin 7.3627°N 36.050°W 4.80 26.00 nodal basin 6.5522°S 68.529°E 4.00 30.17 nodal high 7.7257°N 36.025°W 4.28 25.89 nodal basin 3.6551°S 68.690°E 3.35 30.78 nodal basin 52.707°N 35.105°W 3.63 21.73 nodal basin 5.3461°S 68.714°E 4.09 31.14 nodal basin 35.069°N 35.020°W 4.46 21.27 nodal basin 4.5607°S 68.822°E 3.33 31.00 nodal basin 7.1854°N 34.674°W 4.58 26.08 nodal basin 22.877°S 69.138°E 3.18 40.99 nodal basin 7.4386°N 34.657°W 4.39 26.00 nodal basin 22.680°S 69.499°E 3.22 40.99 nodal basin 7.1685°N 33.910°W 4.07 26.08 nodal basin 33.755°S 77.343°E 3.72 60.26 nodal basin 3.872°N 32.547°W 4.47 26.96 nodal basin 37.896°S 77.957°E 1.76 62.10 nodal high 52.540°N 31.765°W 4.09 21.73 nodal basin 38.870°S 78.082°E 2.09 62.70 nodal high 52.158°N 31.734°W 3.47 21.83 nodal basin 33.175°S 78.128°E 3.01 60.26 nodal high 3.9058°N 31.572°W 4.69 26.96 nodal basin 35.659°S 78.203°E 3.10 61.41 nodal basin 52.044°N 30.034°W 3.96 21.83 nodal basin 37.012°S 78.217°E 2.02 62.02 nodal high 0.78652°N 29.892°W 3.16 27.71 nodal basin 37.664°S 78.267°E 1.77 62.10 nodal high 1.0271°N 27.714°W 4.56 27.71 nodal basin 38.489°S 78.531°E 2.90 62.70 nodal high 0.81185°N 27.663°W 4.73 27.77 nodal basin 35.121°S 78.824°E 2.74 61.41 nodal high 0.92159°N 26.410°W 4.92 27.77 nodal basin 36.391°S 79.148°E 2.90 62.02 nodal basin 0.66411°N 26.313°W 4.54 27.83 nodal basin 41.889°S 79.944°E 3.20 64.35 nodal basin 60.912°S 25.490°W 5.70 12.26 nodal basin 41.129°S 80.85°E 3.43 64.35 nodal basin 0.75697°N 25.481°W 5.02 27.83 nodal basin 43.034°S 83.547°E 3.76 65.60 nodal basin 0.54593°N 25.456°W 4.42 27.88 nodal basin 40.918°S 85.941°E 3.61 65.60 nodal basin 0.61768°N 25.004°W 4.12 27.88 nodal basin 42.142°S 88.110°E 2.39 66.47 nodal high 1.2353°S 24.582°W 4.58 28.27 nodal basin 41.696°S 88.706°E 2.59 66.47 nodal high 60.798°S 19.601°W 4.94 12.26 nodal basin 46.012°S 95.710°E 3.45 68.69 nodal basin 60.303°S 19.379°W 4.19 12.80 nodal basin 46.599°S 96.024°E 2.61 68.82 nodal basin 60.299°S 18.757°W 4.08 12.80 nodal basin 46.278°S 96.271°E 3.23 68.82 nodal basin 59.186°S 17.984°W 5.33 12.99 nodal basin 45.370°S 96.500°E 3.40 68.69 nodal basin 35.576°S 17.689°W 3.74 29.60 nodal basin 48.265°S 99.375°E 3.03 69.46 nodal high 38.430°S 17.069°W 3.12 29.00 nodal high 47.197°S 110.320°E 2.82 69.46 nodal high 40.380°S 16.875°W 3.12 28.90 nodal basin 49.345°S 116.110°E 3.72 70.11 nodal high 0.18293°N 16.689°W 3.99 28.27 nodal basin 48.839°S 116.520°E 4.36 70.11 nodal basin 39.873°S 16.554°W 3.77 28.98 nodal basin 48.876°S 116.660°E 3.42 70.12 nodal basin 40.291°S 16.449°W 3.54 28.90 nodal basin 48.302°S 117.060°E 2.98 70.12 nodal high to be continued Continued from Table A3 Latitude Longitude Depth
/kmFull rate
/(mm·a–1)Nodal high
/nodal basinLatitude Longitude Depth
/kmFull rate
/(mm·a–1)Nodal high
/nodal basin38.341°S 16.377°W 4.67 29.00 nodal high 50.425°S 114.010°E 3.42 70.35 nodal high 59.143°S 16.332°W 4.30 12.99 nodal basin 49.832°S 114.400°E 4.43 70.35 nodal basin 58.452°S 15.950°W 5.82 13.43 nodal basin 50.159°S 120.090°E 4.33 70.19 nodal basin 39.747°S 15.912°W 3.23 28.98 nodal high 49.289°S 120.490°E 4.10 70.19 nodal basin 1.5772°S 15.862°W 4.50 28.58 nodal basin 49.363°S 120.780°E 3.94 70.20 nodal basin 34.247°S 15.229°W 3.94 29.71 nodal basin 48.869°S 121.060°E 4.55 70.20 nodal basin 35.192°S 15.136°W 3.23 29.60 nodal high 49.715°S 121.440°E 4.74 70.13 nodal basin 11.906°S 14.988°W 3.65 29.98 nodal basin 49.005°S 121.670°E 4.04 70.13 nodal basin 33.546°S 14.629°W 3.34 29.70 nodal basin 49.696°S 123.600°E 4.24 69.97 nodal basin 32.356°S 14.515°W 3.23 29.89 nodal basin 48.808°S 123.990°E 4.36 69.97 nodal basin 34.124°S 14.503°W 3.73 29.71 nodal basin 49.869°S 125.980°E 4.21 69.76 nodal basin 14.215°S 14.465°W 3.06 30.02 nodal basin 48.690°S 126.340°E 4.59 69.76 nodal basin 16.418°S 14.334°W 4.02 30.00 nodal basin 49.949°S 127.150°E 4.18 69.62 nodal basin 33.491°S 14.321°W 4.00 29.70 nodal basin 48.814°S 127.530°E 4.28 69.62 nodal basin 17.908°S 14.064°W 3.20 30.28 nodal basin 50.332°S 139.690°E 3.35 67.49 nodal basin 25.733°S 14.000°W 3.88 30.32 nodal basin 51.899°S 139.750°E 3.25 67.49 nodal high 26.628°S 13.815°W 3.14 30.15 nodal basin 51.875°S 140.830°E 3.79 67.30 nodal basin 24.957°S 13.794°W 4.36 30.35 nodal basin 53.985°S 140.980°E 2.96 67.30 nodal high 29.27°S 13.713°W 3.83 30.13 nodal basin 54.794°S 143.970°E 2.97 66.50 nodal basin 22.973°S 13.659°W 4.14 30.40 nodal basin 54.263°S 144.220°E 2.87 66.50 nodal basin 25.666°S 13.616°W 3.98 30.32 nodal basin 54.763°S 146.380°E 2.51 66.05 nodal high 14.079°S 13.612°W 3.42 30.02 nodal basin 55.719°S 146.630°E 2.23 66.05 nodal basin 26.561°S 13.587°W 3.51 30.15 nodal basin 55.651°S 147.220°E 2.99 65.82 nodal high 7.44°S 13.477°W 4.97 29.54 nodal basin 57.527°S 147.710°E 3.11 65.82 nodal basin 24.822°S 13.333°W 4.09 30.35 nodal basin 57.478°S 148.370°E 2.87 65.51 nodal high 47.619°S 13.321°W 3.43 27.44 nodal high 58.145°S 148.580°E 2.88 65.51 nodal high 32.094°S 13.249°W 3.70 29.89 nodal basin 58.033°S 148.950°E 2.67 65.29 nodal high 16.186°S 13.207°W 3.60 30.00 nodal basin 59.669°S 149.810°E 3.23 65.29 nodal high 28.304°S 13.203°W 3.97 30.35 nodal basin 59.484°S 150.330°E 3.01 65.29 nodal basin 0.9145°S 13.160°W 4.94 28.58 nodal basin 60.520°S 150.850°E 3.18 65.29 nodal basin 28.945°S 13.059°W 3.91 30.19 nodal basin 59.940°S 153.630°E 3.54 64.50 nodal basin 29.123°S 13.038°W 4.89 30.13 nodal basin 62.939°S 156.270°E 2.26 64.50 nodal high -
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