Magnetic minerals in Mid-Pleistocene sediments on the Caiwei Guyot, Northwest Pacific and their response to the Mid-Brunhes climate event
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Abstract: Seamounts are ubiquitous topographic units in global oceans, and their influences on local oceanic circulation have attracted great attention in physical oceanography; however, previous efforts were less made in paleoclimatology and paleoceanography. The Caiwei Guyot in the Magellan Seamounts of the western Pacific is a typical seamount, and in this study, we investigate a well-dated sediment core by magnetic properties to reveal the relationship between deep-sea sedimentary processes and global climate changes. The principal results are as follows: (1) the dominant magnetic minerals in the sediments are low-coercivity magnetite in pseudo-single domain range, probably including a biogenic contribution; (2) the variabilities of magnetic parameters can be clustered into two sections at ~500 ka, and the differences between the two units are evident in amplitudes and means; (3) changes in the grainsize-dependent magnetic parameters can be well correlated to records of global ice volume and atmospheric CO2 in the middle Pleistocene. Based on these results, a close linkage was proposed between deep-sea sedimentary processes in the Caiwei Guyot and global climate changes. This linkage likely involves different roles of biogenic magnetite in the sediments between interglacial and glacial intervals, responding to changes in marine productivity and deep-sea circulation and displaying a major change in the Mid-Brunhes climate event. Therefore, we proposed that the sedimentary archives at the bottom of the Caiwei Guyot record some key signals of global climate changes, providing a unique window to observe interactions between various environmental systems on glacial-interglacial timescales.
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Key words:
- Caiwei Guyot /
- middle Pleistocene /
- magnetic properties /
- mid-Brunhes event /
- abyssal sediments /
- western Pacific /
- Magellan Seamounts
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Figure 1. Schematic map showing the study area and oceanographic setting. The flow passing through the seamount and a Taylor column was observed based on the data obtained by the conductivity temperature and depth instrument (CTD) and mooring system (Guo et al., 2020). The flows were modified from previous works (Guo et al., 2020; Kawabe and Fujio, 2010; Zhai and Gu, 2020). Reference sites were mentioned or discussed in the main text.
Figure 2. Core MABC-11 with the age-depth model during the middle Pleistocene. a. The excess 230Th data and the estimated SAR for the upper part (Yang et al., 2020); b. photo of the core; c–e. ChRM declination and inclination, with the polarity of Core MABC-11 (Yi et al., 2021); f. the geological polarity timescale (GPTS) (Hilgen et al., 2012), and g–h. comparison between element Ca of Core MABC-11 and the benthic δ18O stack LR04 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005) on glacial-interglacial timescales, inferring a higher level of marine productivity in the Caiwei Guyot during interglacial intervals (Yi et al., 2021). B: Brunhes chron; M: Matuyama chron; J: Jaramillo subchron; M/B: the Matuyama/Brunhes boundary.
Figure 3. Some basic information of the sediments of Core MABC–11. a and b. Sediment grain-size distributions; c. REE distribution patterns of the sediments of Core MABC–11 (this study) and the sediments of Core MABC–25, and water columns close to the Caiwei Guyot (Deng et al., 2017); and d. box plot of clay minerals in the sediments of Core MABC–11. PDF: probability density function, CDF: cumulative distribution function, Sme: smectite, Kln: kaolinite, Chl: chlorite.
Figure 6. Rock magnetism of representative samples of Core MABC–11. a. Hysteresis loop of one sample in original (dash line) and calibrated (solid line) forms, and other samples were not shown due to the high similarity; the standard deviation of Bcr values is 1.87×106; b. day plot of 17 selected samples; SD, single domain; PSD, pseudo–single domain; MD, multiple domain; c. IRM curves of 17 selected samples; and d–g. FORC diagrams and ZFCs with their derivatives of two samples (25 cm and 45 cm in depth, respectively).
Figure 7. Comparison of various environmental proxies in the middle Pleistocene (210–820 ka). a. The benthic δ18O stack LR04 (Lisiecki and Raymo, 2005), vs. the element Ca of Core MABC-11 (Yi et al., 2021); MIS, marine isotope stages, which are labelled as numbers 7–19 on the top; b. the modelled Antarctic ice volume (AIS) (Pollard and DeConto, 2009), vs. the Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) inferred from the gradient of δ13C record of ODP Sites 1088 and 1090 (Hodell and Venz-Curtis, 2006); c. three magnetic parameters (χARM, χARM/χ, and χARM/SIRM) of Core MABC-11 derived in this study, vs. the EPICA Dome C ice core CO2 (Lüthi et al., 2008); d. the planktonic δ13C of western Pacific ODP Site 806 (Berger et al., 1993) and eastern Pacific ODP Site 849 (Mix et al., 1995); and e. stack grain size (MGS) and magnetic susceptibility (MS) of Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP, Sun et al., 2006).
Table 1. REE contents of Core MABC–11
Element REE contents/10−6 MABC-11a MABC-11b MABC-11c MABC-11d CTD1) MABC-251) La 169.00 135.00 167.00 175.00 26.26±15.55 99.78±9.49 Ce 132.00 132.00 136.00 132.00 12.81±5.08 115.40±6.47 Pr 38.90 37.20 38.70 40.30 5.22±2.82 25.38±1.91 Nd 169.00 163.00 168.00 176.00 19.76±9.77 114.00±8.37 Sm 39.80 37.80 40.20 41.40 4.33±2.39 25.98±2.42 Eu 8.22 7.84 8.20 8.51 1.09±0.59 5.68±0.46 Gd 42.40 40.30 42.70 44.20 5.12±2.78 27.66±2.30 Tb 6.98 6.75 7.09 7.28 0.76±0.39 4.41±0.44 Dy 39.90 38.60 40.10 41.80 5.07±2.93 26.44±3.02 Ho 9.13 8.79 9.16 9.56 1.18±0.68 6.10±0.79 Er 24.40 23.20 24.30 25.60 3.69±2.22 15.94±2.02 Tm 3.41 3.29 3.46 3.57 0.54±0.34 2.26±0.26 Yb 21.60 20.50 21.50 22.20 3.33±2.32 14.26±1.68 Lu 3.28 3.12 3.27 3.31 0.59±0.43 2.13±0.26 Note: 1) Data from Deng et al. (2017). 
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