Differences in Spring Precipitation over Southern China associated with Multiyear La Niña Events
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Abstract: Composite analyses were performed in this study to reveal the differences in spring precipitation over southern China during multiyear La Niña events from 1901-2015. It was found that there is significantly below normal precipitation in the first boreal spring, but above normal in the second year. The differences in spring precipitation over southern China are correlative to the changes in anomalous atmospheric circulations over the northwest Pacific, which can in turn be attributed to different anomalous sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over the tropical Pacific. During multiyear La Niña events, anomalous SSTs were stronger in the first spring than those in the second spring. As a result, the intensity of abnormal cyclones (WNPC) in the western North Pacific Ocean (WNP) in the first year is stronger, which is more likely to reduce moisture transport, leading to prolonged precipitation deficits over southern China. In contrast, the tropical SST signal is too weak to induce appreciable changes in the WNPC and precipitation over South China in the second year. The difference in SST signals in two consecutive springs leads to different spatial patterns of precipitation in southern China by causing different WNPC.
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Figure 8. (a) Observed SST (shading in the ocean, ℃), precipitation (shading in the land, mm/month) and 850 hPa wind anomalies (vector, m/s) in spring during single-year La Niña. (b) Precipitation and WNPC index and their correlation for the first (blue dot) and second (red dot) spring of multiyear La Niña and single-year La Niña (black dot). (c) Precipitation and Niño-3.4 index and their correlation. Dots in (a) indicate the areas where SST and precipitation anomalies are statistically significant above a 90% confidence level.
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