Differences in spring precipitation over southern China associated with multiyear La Niña events

Guangliang Li Licheng Feng Wei Zhuang Fei Liu Ronghua Zhang Cuijuan Sui

Guangliang Li, Licheng Feng, Wei Zhuang, Fei Liu, Ronghua Zhang, Cuijuan Sui. Differences in spring precipitation over southern China associated with multiyear La Niña events[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2024, 43(2): 1-10. doi: 10.1007/s13131-023-2147-0
Citation: Guangliang Li, Licheng Feng, Wei Zhuang, Fei Liu, Ronghua Zhang, Cuijuan Sui. Differences in spring precipitation over southern China associated with multiyear La Niña events[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2024, 43(2): 1-10. doi: 10.1007/s13131-023-2147-0

doi: 10.1007/s13131-023-2147-0

Differences in spring precipitation over southern China associated with multiyear La Niña events

Funds: The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41576029, 41976221 and 42030410; the National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No. 2019YFA0606702; the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology.
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  • Figure  1.  The time evolution of the Niño3.4 index (℃) based on the HadISST dataset from 1901 to 2020. The year indicated by blue (light blue) bars at the bottom is the year 0 of the multi-year (single-year) La Niña event.

    Figure  2.  Time series of the Niño3.4 index (℃) from Jun. (−1) to Jun. (2) for 10 multiyear La Niña events (a) and 12 single-year La Niña events (b). The solid blue line is the composite time series. The year that the first La Niña develop is regard as year 0. The following year is year 1 and so on.

    Figure  3.  Observed precipitation anomalies (mm/month) during winter (a and b) and spring (c and d) of composite multiyear La Niña events from 1901 to 2015. Black dots indicate the areas where precipitation anomalies are statistically significant above a 90% confidence level. The background map downloaded from http://211.159.153.75/browse.html?picId=%224o28b0625501ad13015501ad2bfc2188%22.

    Figure  4.  Observed 850 hPa horizontal wind (vector, m/s), SLP (contours, hPa) and precipitation (shading, mm/month) anomalies of the 10 multiyear La Niña events. The wind anomalies at 90% confidence level are shown in purple.

    Figure  5.  Vertically integrated moisture (VIM) flux (vector; kg/(s · m)) with convergence and divergence (shading; 10–5 kg/(s · m2)) above the 90% confidence level are shown.

    Figure  6.  Vertical velocity of air at 500 hPa; red regions are anomalous ascending motion and blue regions are anomalous descending motion. Dots indicate the areas where vertical velocity anomalies are statistically significant above a 90% confidence level.

    Figure  7.  Observed SST anomalies (shading, ℃) and wind at 850 hPa (vector, m/s) in the first and second winters (a and b) and spring (c and d) of composite multiyear La Niña events. Dots indicate the areas where SST anomalies are statistically significant above a 90% confidence level.

    Figure  8.  Observed SST (shading in the ocean, ℃), precipitation (shading in the land, mm/month) and 850 hPa wind anomalies (vector, m/s) in spring during single-year La Niña (a), precipitation and WNPC index and their correlation for the first (blue dot) and second (red dot) spring of multiyear La Niña and single-year La Niña (black dot) (b), and precipitation and Niño3.4 index and their correlation (c). Red vectors and dots in a indicate the areas where 850 hPa wind anomalies and SST/precipitation anomalies are statistically significant above a 90% confidence level, respectively.

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2022-12-27
  • 录用日期:  2023-01-25
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-04-12
  • 刊出日期:  2024-02-01

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