Sun Baonan, Lian Zhan, Yuan Yeli, Xu Haiyang. Seasonal variability of the wind-generated near-inertial energy flux in the South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2019, 38(4): 136-145. doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1338-6
Citation: Sun Baonan, Lian Zhan, Yuan Yeli, Xu Haiyang. Seasonal variability of the wind-generated near-inertial energy flux in the South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2019, 38(4): 136-145. doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1338-6

Seasonal variability of the wind-generated near-inertial energy flux in the South China Sea

doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1338-6
  • Received Date: 2018-05-23
  • After validated by the in-situ observation, the slab model is used to study the wind-generated near-inertial energy flux (NIEF) in the South China Sea (SCS) based on satellite-observed wind data, and its dependence on calculation methods and threshold criteria of the mixed layer depth (MLD) is investigated. Results illustrate that the total amount of NIEF in the SCS could be doubled if different threshold criteria of MLD are adopted. The NIEF calculated by the iteration and spectral solutions can lead to a discrepancy of 2.5 GW (1 GW=1×109 W). Results also indicate that the NIEF exhibits spatial and temporal variations, which are significant in the boreal autumn, and in the southern part of the SCS. Typhoons are an important generator of NIEF in the SCS, which could account for approximately 30% of the annual mean NIEF. In addition, deepening of the MLD due to strong winds could lead to a decrease of NIEF by approximately by 10%. We re-estimate the annual mean NIEF in the SCS, which is (10±4) GW and much larger than those reported in previous studies.
  • loading
  • Alford M H. 2001. Internal swell generation:the spatial distribution of energy flux from the wind to mixed layer near-inertial motions. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 31(8):2359-2368, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<2359:ISGTSD>2.0.CO;2
    Alford M H. 2003. Improved global maps and 54-year history of wind-work on ocean inertial motions. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(8):1424-1429
    Alford M H, Cronin M F, Klymak J M. 2012. Annual cycle and depth penetration of wind-generated near-inertial internal waves at ocean station papa in the northeast Pacific. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 42(6):889-909, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-11-092.1
    Alford M H, Mackinnon J A, Simmons H L, et al. 2015a. Near-inertial internal gravity waves in the ocean. Annual Review of Marine Science, 8:95-123
    Alford M H, Peacock T, Mackinnon J A, et al. 2015b. The formation and fate of internal waves in the South China Sea. Nature, 528(7580):65-69
    Carton J A, Chepurin G, Cao Xianhe, et al. 2000. A simple ocean data assimilation analysis of the global upper ocean 1950-95. Part I:methodology. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 30(2):311-326, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<0311:ASODAA>2.0.CO;2
    Chen Gengxin, Xue Huijie, Wang Dongxiao, et al. 2013. Observed near-inertial kinetic energy in the northwestern South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 118(10):4965-4977, doi: 10.1002/jgrc.20371
    D'Asaro E A. 1985. The energy flux from the wind to near-inertial motions in the surface mixed layer. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 15(8):1043-1059, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1985)015<1043:TEFFTW>2.0.CO;2
    D'Asaro E A, Black P G, Centurioni L R, et al. 2014. Impact of typhoons on the ocean in the Pacific. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 95(9):1405-1418, doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00104.1
    De Boyer Montégut C, Madec G, Fischer A S, et al. 2004. Mixed layer depth over the global ocean:An examination of profile data and a profile-based climatology. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 109(C12):C12003, doi: 10.1029/2004JC002378
    Furuichi N, Hibiya T, Niwa Y. 2008. Model-predicted distribution of wind-induced internal wave energy in the world's oceans. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 113(C9):C09034
    Huang Ruixin. 1998. Mixing and available potential energy in a boussinesq ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 28(4):669-678, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<0669:MAAPEI>2.0.CO;2
    Jan S, Lien R C, Ting C H. 2008. Numerical study of baroclinic tides in Luzon Strait. Journal of Oceanography, 64(5):789-802, doi: 10.1007/s10872-008-0066-5
    Jia Xujing, Liu Qinyu, Sun Jilin. 2001. A comparison between two different definitions of the mixlayer and the thermocline in the South China Sea. Transactions of Oceanology and limnology, (1):1-7
    Jochum M, Briegleb B P, Danabasoglu G, et al. 2013. The impact of oceanic near-inertial waves on climate. Journal of Climate, 26(9):2833-2844, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00181.1
    Kara A B, Rochford P A, Hurlburt H E. 2000. An optimal definition for ocean mixed layer depth. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 105(C7):16803-16821, doi: 10.1029/2000JC900072
    Klymak J M, Alford M H, Pinkel R, et al. 2011. The breaking and scattering of the internal tide on a continental slope. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 41(5):926-945, doi: 10.1175/2010JPO4500.1
    Li Juan, Liu Junliang, Cai Shuqun, et al. 2015. The spatiotemporal variation of the wind-induced near-inertial energy flux in the mixed layer of the South China Sea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 34(1):66-72, doi: 10.1007/s13131-015-0597-8
    Li Ziliang, Wen Ping. 2017. Comparison between the response of the Northwest Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea to Typhoon Megi (2010). Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 34(1):79-87, doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-6027-9
    Lian Zhan, Fang Guohong, Wei Zexun, et al. 2015. A comparison of wind stress datasets for the South China Sea. Ocean Dynamics, 65(5):721-734, doi: 10.1007/s10236-015-0832-z
    Liu Junliang, Cai Shuqun, Wang Shengan. 2014. Diurnal wind and nonlinear interaction between inertial and tidal currents in the South China Sea during the passage of Typhoon Conson. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 33(5):1-7, doi: 10.1007/s13131-014-0467-9
    Milliff R F, Large W G, Morzel J, et al. 1999. Ocean general circulation model sensitivity to forcing from scatterometer winds. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 104(C5):11337-11358, doi: 10.1029/1998JC900045
    Pan Jiayi, Sun Yujuan. 2013. Estimate of ocean mixed layer deepening after a typhoon passage over the South China Sea by using satellite data. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 43(3):498-506, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-12-01.1
    Plueddemann A J, Farrar J T. 2006. Observations and models of the energy flux from the wind to mixed-layer inertial currents. Deep Sea Research Part Ⅱ:Topical Studies in Oceanography, 53(1-2):5-30
    Pollard R T, Millard R C Jr. 1970. Comparison between observed and simulated wind-generated inertial oscillations. Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 17(4):813-821, doi: 10.1016/0011-7471(70)90043-4
    Qu Tangdong. 2000. Upper-layer circulation in the South China Sea. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 30(6):1450-1460, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<1450:ULCITS>2.0.CO;2
    Rimac A, Von Storch J S, Eden C, et al. 2013. The influence of high-resolution wind stress field on the power input to near-inertial motions in the ocean. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(18):4882-4886, doi: 10.1002/grl.50929
    Silverthorne K E, Toole J M. 2009. Seasonal kinetic energy variability of near-inertial motions. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 39(4):1035-1049, doi: 10.1175/2008JPO3920.1
    Sprintall J, Roemmich D. 1999. Characterizing the structure of the surface layer in the Pacific Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 1042(C10):23297-23311
    Sprintall J, Tomczak M. 1992. Evidence of the barrier layer in the surface layer of the tropics. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans, 97(C5):7305-7316, doi: 10.1029/92JC00407
    Sun Chengxue, Liu Qinyu, Jia Yinglai. 2007. Annual and interannual variations of the mixed layer in the South China Sea. Periodical of Ocean University of China (in Chinese), 37(2):197-203
    Sun Lu, Zheng Quanan, Wang Dongxiao, et al. 2011. A case study of near-inertial oscillation in the South China Sea using mooring observations and satellite altimeter data. Journal of Oceanography, 67(6):677-687, doi: 10.1007/s10872-011-0081-9
    Tian Jiwei, Yang Qingxuan, Zhao Wei. 2009. Enhanced diapycnal mixing in the South China Sea. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 39(12):3191-3203, doi: 10.1175/2009JPO3899.1
    Von Storch J S, Sasaki H, Marotzke J. 2007. Wind-generated power input to the deep ocean:an estimate using a 1/10° general circulation model. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 37(3):657-672, doi: 10.1175/JPO3001.1
    Watanabe M, Hibiya T. 2002. Global estimates of the wind-induced energy flux to inertial motions in the surface mixed layer. Geophysical Research Letters, 29(8):1239
    Wu Qiaoyan, Chen Dake. 2012. Typhoon-induced variability of the oceanic surface mixed layer observed by Argo floats in the Western North Pacific Ocean. Atmosphere-Ocean, 50(S1):4-14
    Yang Qingxuan, Zhao Wei, Liang Xinfeng, et al. 2016. Three-dimensional distribution of turbulent mixing in the South China Sea. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 46(3):769-788, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-14-0220.1
    Yang Qingxuan, Zhou Lei, Tian Jiwei, et al. 2015. The roles of Kuroshio intrusion and mesoscale eddy in upper mixing in the Northern South China Sea. Journal of Coastal Research, 30(1):192-198
    Zhai Xiaoming, Greatbatch R J, Eden C, et al. 2009. On the loss of wind-induced near-inertial energy to turbulent mixing in the upper ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 39(11):3040-3045, doi: 10.1175/2009JPO4259.1
  • 加载中

Catalog

    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

    1. 本站搜索
    2. 百度学术搜索
    3. 万方数据库搜索
    4. CNKI搜索

    Article Metrics

    Article views (546) PDF downloads(286) Cited by()
    Proportional views
    Related

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return
    Return