Experiments and evidences: jellyfish (<i>Nemopilema nomurai</i>) decomposing and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) released

LI Xuegang; SONG Jinming; MA Qingxia; LI Ning; YUAN Huamao; DUAN Liqin; QU Baoxiao

doi:10.1007/s13131-015-0703-y

水母(沙海蜇)降解与营养盐(氮、磷)释放的模拟与实证

doi: 10.1007/s13131-015-0703-y

1.
中国科学院海洋研究所, 青岛, 266071
2.
中国科学院海洋研究所, 青岛, 266071;中国科学院大学, 北京, 100049

基金项目: The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 41376092; the National Key Project for Basic Research of China under contract No. 2011CB403602; the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No. XDA11030202.

计量
- 文章访问数: 1378
- HTML全文浏览量: 43
- PDF下载量: 1084
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-03-10
- 修回日期: 2014-04-11

Experiments and evidences: jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai) decomposing and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) released

1.
Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
2.
Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

摘要

摘要: 水母爆发后的死亡与降解将会在短时间内释放大量的营养盐,并可能会改变局部海域的营养盐结构.为了证实这一设想,我们在实验室内模拟研究了水母在降解过程中氮、磷的释放特征,并从历史数据中寻找到水母所释放的营养盐对生态系统的影响的观测证据.模拟结果表明:沙海蜇消亡过程中向水体释放氮、磷可分为两个阶段,而且氮和磷的释放过程有明显不同,氮的释放速率比磷高一个数量级.在沙海蜇消亡的初期阶段,水体中溶解态氮、磷和总氮、总磷的浓度迅速增高,氮可以达到其消亡过程中的最高浓度;在沙海蜇消亡的后期阶段,水体中溶解态氮和总氮的浓度不断下降,但水体中的磷在这一阶段达到消亡过程中的最高浓度.高pH、低盐度、高温和高的N/P比会促进氮的释放,低pH不利于氮的释放但有利于磷的释放.另外,我们发现胶州湾水母爆发期间底层水中的氨和磷的浓度明显高于表层水,证明水母降解所释放的的营养盐显著影响了胶州湾营养盐的分布.就整个黄海来说,在水母爆发期间水母降解所释放的营养盐可以达到(2.63±2.98)×10⁷ mol/d 的溶解氮和(0.74±0.84)×10⁶ mol/d的溶解磷,这一数值与每天河流的输入量相当,但远高于黄海沉积物-海水界面间的交换通量.因此,黄海水母爆发后的死亡与降解期间所释放的巨量营养盐将显著影响这一时期的黄海营养盐平衡.无论实验室模拟还是野外调查都证明在水母降解期间可以向周围水体释放出巨量的营养盐,并改变局部海域的营养盐结构.
- 沙海蜇 /
- 降解 /
- 氮 /
- 磷 /
- 模拟实验、证实
Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate nitrogen and phosphorus released in the process of the decomposition of giant jellyfish in the laboratory and found the evidence to verify the influence of nutrients released by the decomposition of jellyfish on the ecosystem in the field. The release of nitrogen and phosphorus from the decomposition of Nemopilema nomurai was examined in a series of experiments under different incubation conditions such as different pH values, salinity values, temperatures and nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. The results showed that the complete decomposition of Nemopilema nomurai generally took about 4-8 d. The release of nitrogen and phosphorus from the decomposition of Nemopilema nomurai could be divided into two stages: the early stage and the later stage, although the efflux rate of nitrogen was one order more than phosphorus. In the early stage of the decomposition of Nemopilema nomurai, the concentrations of dissolved nitrogen, dissolved phosphorus, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in seawater increased rapidly, and the concentration of nitrogen could reach the highest level in the whole degradation process. In the later stage of the decomposition, the concentrations of dissolved nitrogen and total nitrogen declined slowly, while the concentration of phosphorus in water could reach a maximum in the degradation process. High pH, low salinity, high temperature and N/P will promote the release of nitrogen; low pH is unfavorable to the release of nitrogen but favorable to the release of phosphorus. In addition, we found the concentrations of ammonium and phosphate in the bottom water were higher than those in the surface water during the period of jellyfish bloom in the Jiaozhou Bay, proving that nutrients released by the decomposition of jellyfish have significant influence on nitrogen and phosphorus in the field. For the whole Yellow Sea, nutrients released by jellyfish carcasses may reach up to (2.63±2.98)×10⁷ mol/d of dissolved nitrogen (DN) and (0.74±0.84)×10⁶ mol/d of dissolved phosphorus (DP) during the period of jellyfish bloom. The values are comparable to riverine inputs in a day, but much higher than sediment-water exchange flux in the Yellow Sea. The great amounts of nutrients must have significant influence on the nutrients balance of the Yellow Sea during the period of jellyfish dead and decomposition. Both the experimental data and field observations proved that the decomposition of jellyfish may release a great amount of nutrient to the surrounding environment during the period of jellyfish decomposition.
- Nemopilema nomurai /
- decomposition /
- nitrogen /
- phosphorus /
- experiments

HTML全文

参考文献(32)

Brotz L, Cheung W W L, Kleisner K, et al. 2012. Increasing jellyfish populations: trends in Large Marine Ecosystems. Hydrobiolo-gia, 690(1): 3-20

Cheng Jiahua, Ding Fengyuan, Li Shengfa, et al. 2005. A study on the quantity distribution of macro-jellyfish and its relationship to seawater temperature and salinity in the East China Sea Re-gion. Acta Ecologica Sinica (in Chinese), 25(3): 440-445

Cheng Jiahua, Li Shengfa, Ding Fengyuan, et al. 2004. Primary analys-is on the jellyfish blooms and its cause in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea. Modern Fisheries Information (in Chinese), 19(5): 10-12

Ding Fengyuan, Cheng Jiahua. 2005. The analysis on fish stock char-acteristics in the distribution areas of large jellyfish during sum-mer and autumn in the East China Sea region. Marine Fisher-ies (in Chinese), 27(2): 120-128

Ding Fengyuan, Cheng Jiahua. 2007. Dynamic distribution of Stomo-lophus meleagris in the East China Sea Region. Journal of Fish-ery Sciences of China (in Chinese), 14(1): 83-89

Dong Jing, Liu Chunyang, Li Wenquan, et al. 2005. The morphology and structure of jellyfish (Cyanea nozakii Kishinouye). Fisher-ies Science (in Chinese), 24(2): 22-23

Dong Jing, Liu Chunyang, Wang Yanqing, et al. 2006. Laboratory ob-servations on the life cycle of Cyanea nozakii (Semeostomida, Scyphozoa). Acta Zoologica Sinica (in Chinese), 52(2): 389-395

Frost J R, Jacoby C A, Frazer T K, et al. 2012. Pulse perturbations from bacterial decomposition of Chrysaora quinquecirrha (Scypho-zoa: Pelagiidae). Hydrobiologia, 690(1): 247-256

Hay S. 2006. Marine ecology: gelatinous bells may ring change in marine ecosystems. Current Biology, 16(17): R679-R682

Kawahara M, Uye S I, Ohtsu K, et al. 2006. Unusual population explo-sion of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) in East Asian waters. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 307: 161-173

Liu Sumei, Zhang Jing, Chen Hongtao, et al. 2005. Factors influen-cing nutrient dynamics in the eutrophic Jiaozhou Bay, North China. Progress in Oceanography, 66(1): 66-85

Lü Xingang, Zhao Chang, Xia Changshui, et al. 2010. Numerical study of water exchange in the Jiaozhou Bay and the tidal residual currents near the bay mouth. Haiyang Xuebao (in Chinese), 32(2): 20-30

Mills C E. 2001. Jellyfish blooms: are populations increasing globally in response to changing ocean conditions?. Hydrobiologia, 451(1-3): 55-68

Pitt K A, Welsh D T, Condon R H. 2009. Influence of jellyfish blooms on carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling and plankton pro-duction. Hydrobiologia, 616(1): 133-149

Purcell J E, Arai M N. 2001. Interactions of pelagic cnidarians and ctenophores with fish: a review. Hydrobiologia, 451(1-3): 27-44

Song Jinming. 2010. Biogeochemical Processes of Biogenic Elements in China Marginal Seas. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer, 256-278

Standardization Administration of China. 2007. GB/T 12763.4-2007 Specifications for oceanographic survey-Part 4: Survey of chemical parameters in sea water (in Chinese). Beijing: Stand-ards Press of China, 7-29

Sun Song. 2012a. Challenges in the jellyfish bloom research. Ad-vances in Earth Science (in Chinese), 27(3): 257-261

Sun Song. 2012b. New perception of jellyfish bloom in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica (in Chinese), 43(3): 406-410

Sun Song, Li Chaolun, Zhang Guangtao, et al. 2011a. Long-term changes in the zooplankton community in the Jiaozhou Bay. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica (in Chinese), 42(5): 625-631

Sun Xiaoxia, Sun Song, Zhao Zhengxia, et al. 2011b. Long-term changes in nutrient concentration and structure in the Jiaozhou Bay. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica (in Chinese), 42(5): 662-669

Sun Song, Yu Zhigang, Li Chaolun, et al. 2012. Progress in the jelly-fish bloom research in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica (in Chinese), 43(3): 401-405

Tinta T, Malej A, Kos M, et al. 2010. Degradation of the Adriatic me-dusa Aurelia sp. by ambient bacteria. Hydrobiologia, 645(1): 179-191

Titelman J, Riemann L, S.rnes T A, et al. 2006. Turnover of dead jelly-fish: stimulation and retardation of microbial activity. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 325: 43-58

Uye S I. 2008. Blooms of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai: a threat to the fisheries sustainability of the East Asian Marginal Seas. Plankton Benthos Research, 3(Supp): 125-131

Wan Aiyong, Zhang Guangtao. 2012. Annual occurrence of moon jellyfish aurelia sp.1 in the Jiaozhou Bay and its impacts on zo-oplankton community. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica (in Chinese), 43(3): 494-501

Wang Baodong, Wang Xiulin, Zhan Run. 2003. Nutrient conditions in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 58(1): 127-136

Wang Shiwei, Zhang Guangtao, Sun Song, et al. 2012. Population dy-namics of three scyphozoan jellyfish species during summer of 2011 in Jiaozhou Bay. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica (in Chinese), 43(3): 471-479

West E J, Welsh D T, Pitt K A. 2009. Influence of decomposing jelly-fish on the sediment oxygen demand and nutrient dynamics. Hydrobiologia, 616(1): 151-160

Yan Liping, Li Shengfa, Ding Fengyuan. 2004. The preliminary stud-ies on the dynamics of macro-jellyfish resources and their rela-tionship with fisheries in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. Marine Fisheries (in Chinese), 26(1): 9-12

Zhang Fang, Sun Song, Jin Xianshi, et al. 2012. Associations of large jellyfish distributions with temperature and salinity in the Yel-low Sea and East China Sea. Hydrobiologia, 690(1): 81-96

Zhao Liang, Wei Hao, Zhao Jianzhong. 2002. Numerical study on wa-ter exchange in Jiaozhou Bay. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sin-ica (in Chinese), 33(1): 23-29

施引文献

资源附件(0)

访问统计

点击查看大图

计量

文章访问数: 1378
HTML全文浏览量: 43
PDF下载量: 1084
被引次数: 0

水母(沙海蜇)降解与营养盐(氮、磷)释放的模拟与实证

doi: 10.1007/s13131-015-0703-y

计量

出版历程

Experiments and evidences: jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai) decomposing and nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) released

计量

出版历程

目录