Optimization of Shanghai marine environment monitoring sites by integrating spatial correlation and stratified heterogeneity
-
摘要: 综合无机氮和活性磷酸盐的海水水质类别现状进行空间分区,拟合无机氮和活性磷酸盐全局半变异函数和局部半变异函数。通过留一交叉检验方法确定统计推断方法,无机氮采用分层克里金插值方法,使得平均绝对误差和误差方差最小;活性磷酸盐采用普通克里金插值方法,使得平均绝对误差和误差方差最小。原则上调整现有站位数的10%,综合考虑对无机氮和活性磷酸盐插值标准差的变化影响,以及对不同水质类别面积的影响,确定去掉冗余的7个历史站位。7个站位均分布在劣四类水区域的长江口南支、北支、和杭州湾北部近岸区域,这些区域站点密集,水体中各要素含量变化不大,水团混合较均匀。优化删减掉的7个站位调整到三类和四类水质分区中,或者无限制区域的优化调整,发现调整优化的站位主要分布在水质类别变化过渡的区域,因此,不同水质类别的分界带以及海域边界处是站位调整优化的关键区域。Abstract: The water quality grades of phosphate (PO4-P) and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) are integrated by spatial partitioning to fit the global and local semi-variograms of these nutrients. Leave-one-out cross validation is used to determine the statistical inference method. To minimize absolute average errors and error mean squares, stratified Kriging (SK) interpolation is applied to DIN and ordinary Kriging (OK) interpolation is applied to PO4-P. Ten percent of the sites is adjusted by considering their impact on the change in deviations in DIN and PO4-P interpolation and the resultant effect on areas with different water quality grades. Thus, seven redundant historical sites are removed. Seven historical sites are distributed in areas with water quality poorer than Grade IV at the north and south branches of the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary and at the coastal region north of the Hangzhou Bay. Numerous sites are installed in these regions. The contents of various elements in the waters are not remarkably changed, and the waters are mixed well. Seven sites that have been optimized and removed are set to water with quality Grades III and IV. Optimization and adjustment of unrestricted areas show that the optimized and adjusted sites are mainly distributed in regions where the water quality grade undergoes transition. Therefore, key sites for adjustment and optimization are located at the boundaries of areas with different water quality grades and seawater.
-
Borysova O, Kondakov A, Palcari S, et al. 2005. Eutrophication in the Black Sea Region; Impact Assessment and Causal Chain Analysis. Kalmar:University of Kalmar Chen Jiyu, Chen Shenliang. 2003. The changes of ecologic environment in Yangtze river estuary and some suggestions for estuary regulation. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering (in Chinese), 34(1):19-25 Chen Shenliang, Yan Shuzhuang, Li Yuzhong. 2009. Characteristics of surface sediment distribution in the Yangtze estuary and its adjacent waters. Resources and environment in the Yangtze Basin (in Chinese), 18(2):152-156 Fan Haimei, Gao Bingbo, Yu Jiang, et al. 2015. The trend of nutrient contents in seawater around shanghai and an analysis on their correlation with fluxes via the Yangtze River. Shanghai Environmental Sciences (in Chinese), 34(1):1-5, 25 Fang Qian. 2008. The study on sources of main chemical pollutants and fluxes flowing into the East China Sea in recent 30 years (in Chinese)[dissertation]. Qingdao:Ocean University of China Gao Bingbo, Wang Jinfeng, Fan Haimei, et al. 2015. A stratified optimization method for a multivariate marine environmental monitoring network in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent sea. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 29(8):1332-1349 Goovaerts P. 1997. Geostatistics for Natural Resources Evaluation. New York:Oxford University Press Han Xiurong, Wang Xiulin, Sun Xia, et al. 2003. Nutrient distribution and its relationship with occurrence of red tide in coastal area of East China Sea. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (in Chinese), 14(7):1097-1101 HELCOM. 2010. Ecosystem Health of the Baltic Sea 2003-2007:HELCOM initial holistic assessment. In:Andersen J H, Korpinen S, Laamanen M, et al., eds. Baltic Sea Environmental Proceedings No. 122. Helsinki:Baltic Environmental Protection Commission, Helsinki Commission Huang Shanggao, Yang Jiadong, Ji Weidong, et al. 1986. Spatial and temporal variation of reactive Si, N, P and their relationship in the Changjiang Estuary water. Taiwan Strait (in Chinese), 5(2):114-123 Isaaks E H, Srivastava R M. 1989. Applied Geostatistics. New York:Oxford University Press Karydis M, Kitsiou D. 2012. Eutrophication and environmental policy in the Mediterranean Sea:a review. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184(8):4931-4984 Karydis M, Kitsiou D. 2013. Marine water quality monitoring:a review. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 77(1-2):23-36 Li Dan. 2009. The study on the hydro-chemical characteristics and the flux to the sea about the rivers in the East of China (in Chinese)[dissertation]. Shanghai:East China Normal University Li Zheng, Shen Zhiliang, Zhou Shuqing, et al. 2007. Distributions and variations of phosphorus in the Changjiang estuary and its adjacent sea areas. Marine Science (in Chinese), 31(1):28-36, 42 Lindkvist M, Gren I M, Elofsson K. 2013. A study of climate change and cost effective mitigation of the Baltic sea eutrophication. In:Singh B R, ed. Climate Change-Realities, Impacts Over Ice Cap, Sea Level and Risks. Rijeka, Croatia:InTech Matheron G. 1963. Principles of geostatistics. Economic Geology, 58(8):1246-1266 Matheron G. 1967. Kriging, or polynomial interpolation procedures. Canadian Mining and Metallurgical Bulletin, 60:1041-1045 Pebesma E J. 2004. Multivariable geostatistics in S:the gstat package. Computers & Geosciences, 30(7):683-691 Quan Weimin, Shen Xinqiang, Han Jindi, et al. 2005. Analysis and assessment on eutrophication status and developing trend in Changjiang Estuary and adjacent sea. Marine Environmental Science (in Chinese), 24(3):13-16 Sheikhy Narany T, Ramli M F, Aris A Z, et al. 2014. Spatial assessment of groundwater quality monitoring wells using indicator kriging and risk mapping, amol-babol plain, Iran. Water, 6(1):68-85 Shen Yaqi, Wu Yanqing. 2013. Optimization of marine environmental monitoring sites in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent sea, China. Ocean & Coastal Management, 73:92-100 Shi Xiaoyong, Wang Xiulin, Han Xiurong, et al. 2003. Nutrient distribution and its controlling mechanism in the adjacent area of Changjiang River Estuary. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (in Chinese), 14(7):1086-1092 US EPA. 2015. National coastal condition assessment:site evaluation guidelines. https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/final_ncca15_seg_09-14-2016.pdf.[2015-04-20/2016-09-14] van Groenigen J W, Pieters G, Stein A. 2000. Optimizing spatial sampling for multivariate contamination in urban areas. Environmetrics, 11(2):227-244 van Groenigen J W, Siderius W, Stein A. 1999. Constrained optimisation of soil sampling for minimisation of the kriging variance. Geoderma, 87(3-4):239-259 van Groenigen J W, Stein A, Zuurbier R. 1997. Optimization of environmental sampling using interactive GIS. Soil Technology, 10(2):83-97 Wang Baodong, Zhan Run, Zang Jiaye. 2002. Distributions and transportation of nutrients in Changjiang River Estuary and its adjacent sea areas. Haiyang Xuebao (in Chinese), 24(1):53-58 Wang Jinfeng, Haining R, Cao Zhidong. 2010. Sample surveying to estimate the mean of a heterogeneous surface:reducing the error variance through zoning. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 24(4):523-543 Wang Juncheng, Wang Zhongqiu, Wang Yiming, et al. 2016. Current situation and trend of marine data buoy and monitoring network technology of China. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 35(2):1-10 Yang Xiaolan, Lin Yian, Zhang Jian. 1989. The characteristics of environmental hydrochemistry in the Changjiang Estuary and its adjacent area. Danghai Marine Science (in Chinese), 7(2):60-65 Zhou Junli, Liu Zhengtao, Meng Wei, et al. 2006. The characteristics of nutrients distribution in the Yangtze River Estuary. Research of Environmental Sciences (in Chinese), 19(6):139-144 Zimmerman D L. 2006. Optimal network design for spatial prediction, covariance parameter estimation, and empirical prediction. Environmetrics, 17(6):635-652
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1210
- HTML全文浏览量: 64
- PDF下载量: 1689
- 被引次数: 0