The phosphorus cycle in the Sanggou Bay
-
摘要: 2013-2014年开展多个航次对中国北方典型的养殖海湾——桑沟湾进行磷循环研究。主要测定了溶解无机磷、溶解有机磷、颗粒无机磷和颗粒有机磷四种磷的形态。溶解无机磷和颗粒无机磷是溶解态磷和颗粒态磷的主要存在形式,分别占溶解态磷和颗粒态磷的51%-75%和53%-80%。受养殖模式、河流输入和水动力条件的影响,桑沟湾磷的浓度和分布在不同季节有所差异。在秋季,磷的浓度高于其它季节,并且高值区在湾的西部。在冬季和春季,桑沟湾东部磷酸盐的浓度高于西部。在夏季,磷在全湾的分布比较平均。本文建立了桑沟湾磷收支的模型。结果显示,桑沟湾是磷的汇,每年约有1.80×107 mol磷输入桑沟湾。其中,黄海是桑沟湾磷的主要来源,占总输入量的61%,其次为海底地下水(27%)、河流输入(11%)和大气沉降输入(1%)等。大型海藻、扇贝和牡蛎等养殖生物的收获是桑沟湾最主要的磷汇,每年从桑沟湾移除约1.12×107 mol。沉积物的埋藏作用也是桑沟湾重要的磷汇,每年的埋藏量约为7.00×106 mol。在桑沟湾,贝类的生物沉积是沉积物中磷的主要来源,约占54%。Abstract: The phosphorus cycle is studied during 2013-2014 in the Sanggou Bay (SGB), which is a typical aquaculture area in northern China. The forms of measured phosphorus include dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP), particulate inorganic phosphorus (PIP), and particulate organic phosphorus (POP). DIP and PIP are the major forms of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and total particulate phosphorus (TPP), representing 51%-75% and 53%-80%, respectively. The concentrations and distributions of phosphorus forms vary among seasons relative to aquaculture cycles, fluvial input, and hydrodynamic conditions. In autumn the concentration of DIP is significantly higher than in other seasons (P<0.01), and higher concentrations are found in the west of the bay. In winter and spring the phosphorus concentrations are higher in the east of the bay than in the west. In summer, the distributions of phosphorus forms are uniform. A preliminary phosphorus budget is developed, and shows that SGB is a net sink of phosphorus. A total of 1.80×107 mol/a phosphorus is transported into the bay. The Yellow Sea is the major source of net input of phosphorus (61%), followed by submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) (27%), river input (11%), and atmospheric deposition (1%). The main phosphorus sink is the harvest of seaweeds (Saccharina japonica and Gracilaria lemaneiformis), bivalves (Chlamys farreri), and oysters (Crassostrea gigas), accounting for a total of 1.12×107 mol/a. Burial of phosphorus in sediment is another important sink, accounting for 7.00×106 mol/a. Biodeposition by bivalves is the major source of phosphorus in sediment, accounting for 54% of the total.
-
Key words:
- phosphorus cycle /
- aquaculture /
- Sanggou Bay
-
Ammerman J W, Hood R R, Case D A, et al. 2003. Phosphorus deficiency in the Atlantic:an emerging paradigm in oceanography. EOS, 84(18):165-170 Aspila K I, Agemian H, Chau A S Y. 1976. A semi-automated method for the determination of inorganic, organic and total phos-phate in sediments. Analyst, 101(1200):187-197 Björkman K, Thomson-Bulldis A L, Karl D M. 2000. Phosphorus dy-namics in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 22(2):185-198 Boicourt W C. 1992. Influences of circulation processes on dissolved oxygen in the Chesapeake Bay. In:Smith D E, Leffler M, Macki-ernan G, eds. Oxygen Dynamics in the Chesapeake Bay. College Park, MD, USA:Maryland Sea Grant Publication, 7-59 Bouwman A F, Paw.owski M, Liu C, et al. 2011. Global hindcasts and future projections of coastal nitrogen and phosphorus loads due to shellfish and seaweed aquaculture. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 19(4):331-357 Chen Shuitu, Ruan Wuqi, Zhang Liping. 1985. Chemical characteristics of nutrient elements in the Jiulong Estuary and the calculation of its flux. Tropical Oceanology (in Chinese), 4(4):16-24 Chopin T, Buschmann A H, Halling C, et al. 2001. Integrating sea-weeds into marine aquaculture systems:a key toward sustainability. Journal of Phycology, 37(6):975-986 Dyhrman S T, Ruttenberg K C. 2006. Presence and regulation of al-kaline phosphatase activity in eukaryotic phytoplankton from the coastal ocean:implications for dissolved organic phosphor-us remineralization. Limnology and Oceanography, 51(3):1381-1390 Fan Xing, Wei Hao. 2010. Modeling studies on vertical structure of tidal current in a typically coastal raft-culture area. Progress in Fishery Sciences (in Chinese), 31(4):78-84 Fang Jianguang, Sun Huiling, Kuang Shihuan, et al. 1996. Mariculture status and optimising measurements for the culture of scallop Chlamys Farreri and kelp Laminaria Japonica in Sanggou Bay. Marine Fisheries Research (in Chinese), 17(2):95-102 Glibert P M, Harrison J, Heil C, et al. 2006. Escalating worldwide use of urea-a global change contributing to coastal eutrophication. Biogeochemistry, 77(3):441-463 Grant J, Bacher C. 2001. A numerical model of flow modification in-duced by suspended aquaculture in a Chinese bay. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 58(5):1003-1011 Grasshoff K, Kremling K, Ehrhardt M. 1999. Methods of Seawater Analysis. 3rd ed. Weinheim:Wiley-VCH, 159-228 Han Lijun, Zhu Yumei, Liu Sumei, et al. 2013. Nutrients of atmo-spheric wet deposition from the Qianliyan Island of the Yellow Sea. China Environmental Science (in Chinese), 33(7):1174-1184 Hao Linhua, Sun Pixi, Hao Jianmin, et al. 2012. The spatial and tem-poral distribution of chlorophyll a and its influencing factors in Sanggou Bay. Ecology and Environmental Sciences (in Chinese), 21(2):338-345 Jiang Zengjie, Fang Jianguang, Mao Yuze, et al. 2010. Eutrophication assessment and bioremediation strategy in a marine fish cage culture area in Nansha Bay, China. Journal of Applied Phyco-logy, 22(4):421-426 Jiang Zengjie, Fang Jianguang, Zhang Jihong, et al. 2007. Forms and bioavailability of phosphorus in surface sediments from Sungo Bay. Environmental Science (in Chinese), 28(12):2783-2788 Jiang Zengjie, Li Jiaqi, Qiao Xudong, et al. 2015. The budget of dissolved inorganic carbon in the shellfish and seaweed integ-rated mariculture area of Sanggou Bay, Shandong, China. Aquaculture, 446:167-174 Kautsky N. 1987. Role of biodeposition by Mytilusedulis in the ciculation of matter and nutrients in a Baltic coastal ecosystem. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 38:201-212 Krom M D, Kress N, Brenner S, et al. 1991. Phosphorus limitation of primary productivity in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Limnology and Oceanography, 36(3):424-432 Liu Hui, Fang Jianguang, Dong Shuanglin, et al. 2003. Study on phytoplankton in raft-culture areas of Laizhou Bay and Sanggou Bay:II. Marine Fisheries Research (in Chinese), 24(3):20-28 Liu Sumei, Li Ruihuan, Zhang Guiling, et al. 2011. The impact of an-thropogenic activities on nutrient dynamics in the tropical Wenchanghe and Wenjiaohe Estuary and lagoon system in East Hainan, China. Marine Chemistry, 125(1-4):49-68 Llebot C, Spitz Y H, Solé J, et al. 2010. The role of inorganic nutrients and dissolved organic phosphorus in the phytoplankton dynamics of a Mediterranean bay:a modeling study. Journal of Marine Systems, 83(3-4):192-209 Lomas M W, Swain A, Shelton R, et al. 2004. Taxonomic variability of phosphorus stress in Sargasso Sea phytoplankton. Limnology and Oceanography, 49(6):2303-2309 Mackey K R M, Mioni C E, Ryan J P, et al. 2012. Phosphorus cycling in the red tide incubator region of Monterey Bay in response to upwelling. Frontiers in Microbiology, 3:33 Magni P, Montani S, Takada C, et al. 2000. Temporal scaling and rel-evance of bivalve nutrient excretion on a tidal flat of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 198:139-155 Mao Yuze. 2004. Effects of bivalve raft culture on environment and their ecological regulation in Sanggou Bay, China (in Chinese)[dissertation]. Qingdao:Ocean University of China Moore W S. 2010. The effect of submarine groundwater discharge on the ocean. Annual Review of Marine Science, 2(1):59-88 Neori A, Chopin T, Troell M, et al. 2004. Integrated aquaculture:rationale, evolution and state of the art emphasizing seaweed biofiltration in modern mariculture. Aquaculture, 231(1-4):361-391 Newell R I E. 2004. Ecosystem influences of natural and cultivated populations of suspension-feeding bivalve molluscs:a review. Journal of Shellfish Research, 23(1):51-61 Newell R I E, Fisher T R, Holyoke R R, et al. 2005. Influence of eastern oysters on nitrogen and phosphorus regeneration in Ches-apeake Bay, USA. In:Dame R F, Olenin S, eds. The Comparative Roles of Suspension-feeders in Ecosystems. Dordrecht:Springer, 2005:93-120 Newell R I E, Koch E W. 2004. Modeling seagrass density and distribution in response to changes in turbidity stemming from bivalve filtration and seagrass sediment stabilization. Estuaries, 27(5):793-806 Ning Zhiming, Liu Sumei, Zhang Guoling, et al. 2016. Impacts of an integrated multi-trophic aquaculture system on benthic nutri-ent fluxes:a case study in Sanggou Bay, China. Aquaculture En-vironment Interactions, 8:221-232, doi: 10.3354/aei00144 Nunes J P, Ferreira J G, Gazeau F, et al. 2003. A model for sustainable management of shellfish polyculture in coastal bays. Aquaculture, 219(1-4):257-277 Paytan A, McLaughlin K. 2007. The oceanic phosphorus cycle. Chemical Reviews, 107(2):563-576 Qi Xiaohong, Liu Sumei, Zhang Jing, et al. 2011. Cycling of phosphor-us in the Jiaozhou Bay. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 30(2):62-74 Salihoglu B, Garçon V, Oschlies A, et al. 2008. Influence of nutrient utilization and remineralization stoichiometry on phytoplank-ton species and carbon export:a modeling study at BATS. Deep Sea Research:Part I. Oceanographic Research Papers, 55(1):73-107 Schneider O, Sereti V, Eding E H, et al. 2005. Analysis of nutrient flows in integrated intensive aquaculture systems. Aquacultural En-gineering, 32(3-4):379-401 Shi Jie, Wei Hao, Zhao Liang, et al. 2011. A physical-biological coupled aquaculture model for a suspended aquaculture area of China. Aquaculture, 318(3-4):412-424 Snoeckx H, Rea D K. 1995. Data report:CaCO3 content and bulk density of Leg138 site-survey piston cores. In:Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Result. Ann Arbor:De-partment of Geological Sciences, University of Michigan:885-893 Song Xianli, Yang Qian, Sun Yao, et al. 2012. Study of sedimentary section records of organic matter in Sanggou Bay over the last 200 years. Haiyang Xuebao (in Chinese), 34(3):120-126 Strayer D L, Caraco N F, Cole J J, et al. 1999. Transformation of fresh-water ecosystems by bivalves:a case study of zebra mussels in the Hudson River. BioScience, 49(1):19-27 Sun Peixi, Wang Bo, Zhang Zhaohui, et al. 2006. Relationship between nutrient distributions and eutrophicationin seawater of the Laizhou Bay. Advances in marine science (in Chinese), 24(3):329-335 Sun Shan, Liu Sumei, Ren Jingling, et al. 2010. Distribution features of nutrients and flux across the sediment-water interface in the Sanggou Bay. Haiyang Xuebao (in Chinese), 32(6):108-117 Tilman D. 1977. Source competition between plankton algae:An ex-perimental and theoretical approach. Ecology, 58:338-348 Toggweiler J R. 1999. Oceanography:an ultimate limiting nutrient. Nature, 400(6744):511-512 Tyrrell T. 1999. The relative influences of nitrogen and phosphorus on oceanic primary production. Nature, 400(6744):525-531 Wang Xiong, Du Jinzhou, Ji Tao, et al. 2014. An estimation of nutrient fluxes via submarine groundwater discharge into the Sanggou Bay-A typical multi-species culture ecosystem in China. Mar-ine Chemistry, 167:113-122 Widdows J, Brinsley M D, Salkeld P N, et al. 1998. Use of annular flumes to determine the influence of current velocity and bi-valves on material flux at the sediment-water interface. Estuar-ies, 21(4):552-559 Xie Linping, Pu Xinming, Sun Xia, et al. 2013. Analysis on the tempor-al and spatial distribution of nutrients and the influence factors in Rongcheng Bay. Marine Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 32(1):19-27 Xin Fuyan, Chen Bijuan, Qu Keming, et al. 2004. The distributions of COD, nitrogen and phosphorous nutrients and nutrient status in Rushan Bay. Marine Fisheries Research (in Chinese), 25(5):52-56 Zhang Jihong. 2008. Effect of filter feeding shellfish mariculture on the ecosystem and the evaluation of ecology carrying capacity (in Chinese)[dissertation]. Qingdao:The Institute of Oceano-logy, Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhang Jihong, Fang Jianguang, Tang Qisheng, et al. 2013a. Carbon se-questration rate of the scallop Chlamys farreri cultivated in dif-ferent areas of Sanggou Bay. Progress in Fishery Sciences (in Chinese), 34(1):12-16 Zhang Jihong, Jiang Zengjie, Wang Wei, et al. 2010. Seasonal distribution and variation of nutrients and nutrients limitation in Sanggou Bay. Progress in Fishery Sciences (in Chinese), 31(4):16-25 Zhang Jinghong, Liu Sumei, Ren Jingling, et al. 2007. Nutrient gradi-ents from the eutrophic Changjiang (Yangtze River) Estuary to the oligotrophic Kuroshio waters and re-evaluation of budgets for the East China Sea shelf. Progress in Oceanography, 74(4):449-478 Zhang Xiaoyong, Yang Qian, Sun Yao, et al. 2013b. Forms and bioavailability of phosphorus in sediment cores of culture zones in Sanggou Bay. Progress in Fishery Sciences (in Chinese), 34(2):36-44 Zhao Jun, Zhou Shilai, Sun Yao, et al. 1996. Research on Sanggou bay aquaculture hydro-environment. Marine Fisheries Research (in Chinese), 17(2):68-79 Zhou Yi, Yang Hongsheng, He Yichao, et al. 2002a. Nitrogen and phosphorus excretion and its ecological effect by several bi-valves and fouling animals. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica (in Chinese), 33(4):424-431 Zhou Yi, Yang Hongsheng, Liu Shilin, et al. 2002b. Chemical compos-ition and net organic production of cultivated and fouling or-ganisms in Sishili Bay and their ecological effects. Journal of Fisheries of China (in Chinese), 26(1):21-27 Zhou Yi, Yang Hongsheng, Mao Yuze, et al. 2003. Biodeposition by the Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri in Sanggou Bay, Shandong, Northern China. Chinese Journal of Zoology (in Chinese), 38(4):40-44
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1192
- HTML全文浏览量: 61
- PDF下载量: 872
- 被引次数: 0