Diurnal variations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide fluxes from invasive Spartina alterniflora dominated coastal wetland in northern Jiangsu Province
-
摘要: 外来种互花米草的引入,对苏北滨海湿地生态系统的功能以及生物多样性造成一定的影响,尤其是温室气体的排放方面。然而,有关互花米草对滨海湿地温室气体排放的研究却相对缺乏,特别是小尺度范围内,比如温室气体排放的日变化规律方面。基于此,本研究选择2013年的6月,10月,12月以及2014年的4月,分别代表夏季、秋季、冬季和春季,在每个季节中选取一个整天,利用静态暗箱-气相色谱法对CO2,CH4和N2O通量的日变化进行观测以及分析。结果发现:(1)CH4平均通量在互花米草的生长季表现为排放,而在非生长季表现为吸收;在夏季,基本上表现为CH4的排放,而在其他季节,则既有排放,也有吸收。CO2和N2O平均通量则表现为生长季明显大于非生长季,其中生长季平均CO2通量是1536.5 mg CO2 m-2 h-1,非生长季则是379.1 mg CO2 m-2 h-1,而N2O分别是25.6和16.5 μg N2O m-2 h-1。(2)在日变化尺度范围内,除了10月份,在其他月份,日平均CH4通量均大于夜平均CH4通量;6月份CO2通量和10月份的N2O通量的日变化则主要呈现出一些波动趋势,而10月份和4月份的CO2和N2O通量则成双峰分布,在10月份,主峰出现在早上,而在4月份,主峰则出现在下午。6月份的N2O通量的日变化呈单峰分布,峰值出现在15:00(86.4 μg N2O m-2 h-1)。(3)10月份,互花米草潮滩由于降水原因出现一定程度的积水,积水增加了CO2的排放,却降低了N2O和CH4的排放。(4)昼夜平均以及总CO2通量在10月份大于其他月份,而CH4和N2O则在6月份最大。(5)温室气体通量存在着一定的日变化,所以选择最优化的采样时间对于大时间尺度内(季节和年际)碳排放结果的估算有重要的影响,本文的研究结果可以为滨海湿地温室气体通量的日变化取样的最优时间段的选取提供一定的建议。Abstract: The invasions of the alien species such as Spartina alterniflora along the northern Jiangsu coastlines have posed a threat to biodiversity and the ecosystem function. Yet, limited attention has been given to their potential influence on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including the diurnal variations of GHG fluxes that are fundamental in estimating the carbon and nitrogen budget. In this study, we examined the diurnal variation in fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) from a S. alterniflora intertidal flat in June, October, and December of 2013 and April of 2014 representing the summer, autumn, winter, and spring seasons, respectively. We found that the average CH4 fluxes on the diurnal scale were positive during the growing season while negative otherwise. The tidal flat of S. alterniflora acted as a source of CH4 in summer (June) and a combination of source and sink in other seasons. We observed higher diurnal variations in the CO2 and N2O fluxes during the growing season (1 536.5 mg CO2 m-2 h-1 and 25.6 μg N2O m-2 h-1) compared with those measured in the non-growing season (379.1 mg CO2 m-2 h-1 and 16.5 μg N2O m-2 h-1). The mean fluxes of CH4 were higher at night than that in the daytime during all the seasons but October. The diurnal variation in the fluxes of CO2 in June and N2O in December fluctuated more than that in October and April. However, two peak curves in October and April were observed for the diurnal changes in CO2 and N2O fluxes (prominent peaks were found in the morning of October and in the afternoon of April, respectively). The highest diurnal variation in the N2O fluxes took place at 15:00 (86.4 μg N2O m-2 h-1) in June with an unimodal distribution. Water logging in October increased the emission of CO2 (especially at nighttime), yet decreased N2O and CH4 emissions to a different degree on the daily scale because of the restrained diffusion rates of the gases. The seasonal and diurnal variations of CH4 and CO2 fluxes did not correlate to the air and soil temperatures, whereas the seasonal and diurnal variation of the fluxes of N2O in June exhibited a significant correlation with air temperature. When N2O and CH4 fluxes were converted to CO2-e equivalents, the emissions of N2O had a remarkable potential to impact the global warming. The mean daily flux (MF) and total daily flux (TDF) were higher in the growing season, nevertheless, the MF and TDF of CO2 were higher in October and those of CH4 and N2O were higher in June. In spite of the difference in the optimal sampling times throughout the observation period, our results obtained have implications for sampling and scaling strategies in estimating the GHG fluxes in coastal saline wetlands.
-
Key words:
- methane /
- nitrous oxide /
- carbon dioxide /
- diurnal variation /
- S. alterniflora
-
Allen D E, Dalal R C, Rennenberg H, et al. 2007. Spatial and temporal variation of nitrous oxide and methane flux between subtropical mangrove sediments and the atmosphere. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 39(2):622-631 Allen D, Dalal R C, Rennenberg H, et al. 2011. Seasonal variation in nitrous oxide and methane emissions from subtropical estuary and coastal mangrove sediments, Australia. Plant Biology, 13(1):126-133 Chanton J P, Whiting G J, Blair N E, et al. 1997. Methane emission from rice:stable isotopes, diurnal variations, and CO2 exchange. Global Biogeochemical Cycle, 11(1):15-27 Chen Huai, Wu Ning, Yao Shouping, et al. 2010. Diurnal variation of methane emissions from an alpine wetland on the eastern edge of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 164(1-4):21-28 Chen Jinhai, Wang Lei, Li Yanli, et al. 2012. Effect of Spartina alterniflora invasion and its controlling technologies on soil microbial respiration of a tidal wetland in Chongming Dongtan, China. Ecological Engineering, 41:52-59 Cheng Xiaoli, Luo Yiqi, Chen Jiquan, et al. 2006. Short-term C4 plant Spartina alterniflora invasions change the soil carbon in C3 plant-dominated tidal wetlands on a growing estuarine Island. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38(12):3380-3386 Cheng Xiaoli, Luo Yiqi, Xu Qing, et al. 2010. Seasonal variation in CH4 emission and its 13C-isotopic signature from Spartina alterniflora and Scirpus mariqueter soils in an estuarine wetland. Plant and Soil, 327(1-2):85-94 Cheng Xiaoli, Peng Ronghao, Chen Jiquan, et al. 2007. CH4 and N2O emissions from Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis in experimental mesocosms. Chemosphere, 68(3):420-427 Davidson E A. 1993. Soil water content and the ratio of nitrous oxide to nitric oxide emitted from soil. In:Oremland R S, ed. Biogeochemistry of Global Change. New York:Springer US, 369-386 Davidson E A, Verchot L V, Cattânio J H, et al. 2000. Effects of soil water content on soil respiration in forests and cattle pastures of eastern Amazonia. Biogeochemistry, 48(1):53-69 Ding Weixin, Cai Zucong. 2007. Methane emission from natural wetlands in China:summary of years 1995-2004 studies. Pedosphere, 17(4):475-486 Dong Yunshe, Qi Yuchun, Luo Ji, et al. 2003. Experimental study on N2O and CH4 fluxes from the dark coniferous forest zone soil of the Gongga Mountain, China. Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences, 46(3):285-295 Duan Xiaonan, Wang Xiaoke, Mu Yujing, et al. 2005. Seasonal and diurnal variations in methane emissions from Wuliangsu Lake in arid regions of China. Atmospheric Environment, 39(25):4479-4487 Emery H E, Fulweiler R W. 2014. Spartina alterniflora and invasive Phragmites australis stands have similar greenhouse gas emissions in a New England marsh. Aquatic Botany, 116:83-92 Hirota M, Senga Y, Seike Y, et al. 2007. Fluxes of carbon dioxide, Methane and nitrous oxide in two contrastive fringing zones of coastal lagoon, Lake Nakaumi, Japan. Chemosphere, 68(3):597-603 IPCC. 2013. Climate Change 2013:The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom, New York, NY, USA:Cambridge University Press Joabsson A, Christensen T R, Wallén B. 1999. Vascular plant controls on Methane emissions from northern peat forming wetlands. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 14(10):385-388 Liao Chengzhang, Luo Yiqi, Jiang Lifen, et al. 2007. Invasion of Spartina alterniflora enhanced ecosystem carbon and nitrogen stocks in the Yangtze Estuary, China. Ecosystems, 10(8):1351-1361 Liu Jin'e, Zhou Hongxia, Qin Pei, et al. 2007. Effects of Spartina alterniflora salt marshes on organic carbon acquisition in intertidal zones of Jiangsu Province, China. Ecological Engineering, 30(3):240-249 Liu Shuwei, Zhang Yaojun, Lin Feng, et al. 2014. Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from direct-seeded and seedling-transplanted rice paddies in southeast China. Plant and Soil, 374(1-2):285-297 Livingston G P, Hutchinson G L. 1995. Enclosure-based measurement of trace gas exchange:applications and sources of error. In:Matson P A, Harriss R C, eds. Biogenic Trace Gases:Measuring Emissions from Soil and Water. Cambridge:Blackwell Science, 14-51 Maljanen M, Martikainen P J, Aaltonen H, et al. 2002. Short-term variation in fluxes of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane in cultivated and forested organic boreal soils. Soil Biological and Biochemistry, 34(5):577-584 Mikkelä C, Sundh I, Svensson B H, et al. 1995. Diurnal variation in METHANE emission in relation to the water table, soil temperature, climate and vegetation cover in a Swedish acid mire. Biogeochemistry, 28(2):93-114 Miyata A, Leuning R, Denmead O T, et al. 2000. Carbon dioxide and METHANE fluxes from an intermittently flooded paddy field. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 102(4):287-303 Morin T H, Bohrer G, Naor-Azrieli L, et al. 2014. The seasonal and diurnal dynamics of methane flux at a created urban wetland. Ecological Engineering, 72:74-83 Morris J T, Whiting G J. 1986. Emission of gaseous carbon dioxide from salt-marsh sediments and its relation to other carbon losses. Estuaries, 9(1):9-19 Nakano T, Kuniyoshi S, Fukuda M. 2000. Temporal variation in methane emission from tundra wetlands in a permafrost area, northeastern Siberia. Atmospheric Environment, 34(8):1205-1213 Nieveen J P, Jacobs C M J, Jacobs A F G. 1998. Diurnal and seasonal variation of carbon dioxide exchange from a former true raised bog. Global Change Biology, 4(8):823-833 Parkin T B, Kaspar T C. 2003. Temperature controls on diurnal carbon dioxide flux. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 67(6):1763-1772 Pei Zhiyong, Ouyang Hua, Zhou Caiping, et al. 2003. Fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O from alpine grassland in the Tibetan Plateau. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 13(1):27-34 Qin Pei, Zhong Chongxin. 1992. Applied Studies on Spartina (in Chinese). Beijing:China Ocean Press, 67-71 Smith K A, Ball T, Conen F, et al. 2003. Exchange of greenhouse gases between soil and atmosphere:interactions of soil physical factors and biological processes. European Journal of Soil Science, 54(4):779-791 Sun Zhigao, Jiang Huanhuan, Wang Lingling, et al. 2013. Seasonal and spatial variations of methane emissions from coastal marshes in the northern Yellow River estuary, China. Plant and Soil, 369(1-2):317-333 Tong Chuan, Huang Jiafang, Hu Zhiqiang, et al. 2013. Diurnal variations of carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide vertical fluxes in a subtropical estuarine marsh on neap and spring tide days. Estuaries and Coasts, 36(3):633-642 Tong Chuan, Wang Weiqi, Huang Jiafang, et al. 2012. Invasive alien plants increase CH4 emissions from a subtropical tidal estuarine wetland. Biogeochemistry, 111(1-3):677-693 Van der Nat F J, Middelburg J J. 2000. Methane emission from tidal freshwater marshes. Biogeochemistry, 49(2):103-121 Wang Yuesi, Xue Min, Zheng Xunhua, et al. 2005. Effects of environmental factors on N2O emission from and CH4 uptake by the typical grasslands in the Inner Mongolia. Chemosphere, 58(2):205-215 Xu Xinwanghao, Zou Xinqing, Cao Liguo, et al. 2014. Seasonal and spatial dynamics of greenhouse gas emissions under various vegetation covers in a coastal saline wetland in southeast China. Ecological Engineering, 73:469-477 Yu Zhongjie, Li Yangjie, Deng Huanguang, et al. 2012. Effect of Scirpus mariqueter on nitrous oxide emissions from a subtropical monsoon estuarine wetland. Journal of Geophysical Research:Biogeosciences, 117(G2):G02017 Yuan Junji, Ding Weixin, Liu Deyan, et al. 2014. Methane production potential and methanogenic archaea community dynamics along the Spartina alterniflora invasion chronosequence in a coastal salt marsh. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 98(4):1817-1829 Zhang Yaohong, Ding Weixin. 2011. Diel methane emissions in stands of Spartina alterniflora and Suaeda salsa from a coastal salt marsh. Aquatic Botany, 95(4):262-267 Zhang Yaohong, Ding Weixin, Cai Zucong, et al. 2010. Response of methane emission to invasion of Spartina alterniflora and exogenous N deposition in the coastal salt marsh. Atmospheric Environment, 44(36):4588-4594 Zhang L H, Song L P, Zhang L W, et al. 2015. Diurnal dynamics of CH4, CO2 and N2O fluxes in the saline-alkaline soils of the Yellow River Delta, China. Plant Biosystems-An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology, 149(4):797-805 Zhang Yaohong, Wang Lin, Xie Xiaojin, et al. 2013. Effects of invasion of Spartina alterniflora and exogenous N deposition on N2O emissions in a coastal salt marsh. Ecological Engineering, 58:77-83 Zhou Changfang, Qin Pei, Xie Min. 2003. Vegetating coastal areas of east China:species selection, seedling cloning and transplantation. Ecological Engineering, 20(4):275-286 Zhu Renbin, Liu Yashu, Ma Jing, et al. 2008. Nitrous oxide flux to the atmosphere from two coastal tundra wetlands in eastern Antarctica. Atmospheric Environment, 42(10):2437-2447
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1033
- HTML全文浏览量: 87
- PDF下载量: 1200
- 被引次数: 0