Comparison of air-sea CO<sub>2</sub> flux and biological productivity in the South China Sea, East China Sea, and Yellow Sea: a three-dimensional physical-biogeochemical modeling study

JI Xuanliang; LIU Guimei; GAO Shan; WANG Hui; ZHANG Miaoyin

doi:10.1007/s13131-017-1098-8

中国南海、东海及黄海海域海气二氧化碳通量与生产力的物理生物地球化学模拟研究

doi: 10.1007/s13131-017-1098-8

国家海洋环境预报中心, 北京 100081;国家海洋局海洋灾害预报技术研究重点实验室, 北京 100081

基金项目: The National Key Research and Development Program of China under contract No. 2016YFC1401605; the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under contract No. XDA 1102010403; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41222038, 41206023 and 41406036; the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment under contract No. LFE-2015-3.

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- 收稿日期: 2017-03-01

Comparison of air-sea CO₂ flux and biological productivity in the South China Sea, East China Sea, and Yellow Sea: a three-dimensional physical-biogeochemical modeling study

National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, Beijing 100081, China;Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 边缘海对全球碳收支有重要的调节作用，而大陆边缘海域的碳源汇往往难以估量。本文利用太平洋海盆尺度的物理生物地球化学数值模型研究中国南海、东海和黄海海域的初级生产力和海气二氧化碳通量。三维物理-生物地球化学模型驱动场数据来源于1982年-2005年的NCEP2再分析资料。模式模拟的月平均海气二氧化碳通量结果表明三个海域在冬季表现为大气碳汇，夏季则为碳源。在年平均尺度上，南海是大气碳源（年固碳量为16Tg/a），东海和黄海为碳汇（年固碳量分别为-6.73T/a和-5.23 Tg/a）。模式结果显示：在南海和东海，海洋二氧化碳分压（pCO₂）的时空分布变化主要由海洋表面温度（SST）决定，生态过程在调节海洋二氧化碳分压变化方面起到补偿作用；在黄海，生物活动成为控制海洋二氧化碳分压的主要影响因素。模拟的初级生产力（IPP）在南海、东海、黄海的透光层呈现出季节性变化特征，年平均值分别为293，297和315mg/（m² d）。模拟的年平均新生产力在上述三个海域分别为103，109和139 mg/（m² d），f比率分别为0.35，0.37和0.45。相较于东海和黄海，南海的生物生产力季节性变化最不明显。大气二氧化碳分压在1982至2005年间呈增长趋势，这与人为二氧化碳排放变化趋势一致。模式结果表明海洋二氧化碳分压与大气二氧化碳呈正相关关系，黄海海洋二氧化碳年增长率为0.91μatm/a，东海为1.04μatm/a，南海为1.66μatm/a。
- 物理生物地球化学模型 /
- 海气二氧化碳通量 /
- 中国南海 /
- 中国东海 /
- 黄海
Abstract: Marginal seas play important roles in regulating the global carbon budget, but there are great uncertainties in estimating carbon sources and sinks in the continental margins. A Pacific basin-wide physical-biogeochemical model is used to estimate primary productivity and air-sea CO₂ flux in the South China Sea (SCS), the East China Sea (ECS), and the Yellow Sea (YS). The model is forced with daily air-sea fluxes which are derived from the NCEP2 reanalysis from 1982 to 2005. During the period of time, the modeled monthly-mean air-sea CO₂ fluxes in these three marginal seas altered from an atmospheric carbon sink in winter to a source in summer. On annual-mean basis, the SCS acts as a source of carbon to the atmosphere (16 Tg/a, calculated by carbon, released to the atmosphere), and the ECS and the YS are sinks for atmospheric carbon (-6.73 Tg/a and -5.23 Tg/a, respectively, absorbed by the ocean). The model results suggest that the sea surface temperature (SST) controls the spatial and temporal variations of the oceanic pCO₂ in the SCS and ECS, and biological removal of carbon plays a compensating role in modulating the variability of the oceanic pCO₂ and determining its strength in each sea, especially in the ECS and the SCS. However, the biological activity is the dominating factor for controlling the oceanic pCO₂ in the YS. The modeled depth-integrated primary production (IPP) over the euphotic zone shows seasonal variation features with annual-mean values of 293, 297, and 315 mg/(m²·d) in the SCS, the ECS, and the YS, respectively. The model-integrated annual-mean new production (uptake of nitrate) values, as in carbon units, are 103, 109, and 139 mg/(m²·d), which yield the f-ratios of 0.35, 0.37, and 0.45 for the SCS, the ECS, and the YS, respectively. Compared to the productivity in the ECS and the YS, the seasonal variation of biological productivity in the SCS is rather weak. The atmospheric pCO₂ increases from 1982 to 2005, which is consistent with the anthropogenic CO₂ input to the atmosphere. The oceanic pCO₂ increases in responses to the atmospheric pCO₂ that drives air-sea CO₂ flux in the model. The modeled increase rate of oceanic pCO₂ is 0.91 μatm/a in the YS, 1.04 μatm/a in the ECS, and 1.66 μatm/a in the SCS, respectively.
- physical-biogeochemical model /
- air to sea CO₂ flux /
- South China Sea /
- East China Sea /
- Yellow Sea

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中国南海、东海及黄海海域海气二氧化碳通量与生产力的物理生物地球化学模拟研究

doi: 10.1007/s13131-017-1098-8

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Comparison of air-sea CO2 flux and biological productivity in the South China Sea, East China Sea, and Yellow Sea: a three-dimensional physical-biogeochemical modeling study

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Comparison of air-sea CO₂ flux and biological productivity in the South China Sea, East China Sea, and Yellow Sea: a three-dimensional physical-biogeochemical modeling study