Chemical kinetics evaluation and its application of natural gas generation derived from the Yacheng Formation in the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin, China
-
摘要: 烃源岩生成天然气的过程,可以通过琼东南盆地海陆过渡相的崖城组泥岩和煤来模拟,其有机质类型为II2-III型。主要基于浅水区的地质模型,利用化学动力学方法,求取崖城组烃源岩的动力学参数,定量评价深水区天然气的生成及地质预测。为此,模拟了天然气中的甲烷、乙烷、丙烷和重烃(C4-6)四个组份。结果表明,该盆地自新构造期(5.3 Ma)以来,进入到沉积有机质的热裂解,外推生成甲烷的地温为110℃;当地温为200℃时,浅水区崖城组烃源岩生成的乙烷、丙烷和重烃(C4-6)的归一化转化率已达0.8,而甲烷的仅为0.5;通过对比可知,深水区甲烷的生成温度达300℃时,其归一化转化率才能达到0.8。这对于深水区盆地和我国其它海上含油气盆地天然气的生成和勘探非常有利。因此,我国海域的油气勘探,首要考虑琼东南盆地深水区的乐东凹陷、陵水和北礁凹陷的构造圈闭,其次为凹陷周边的凹中隆,最后为我国广泛海域及深水区盆地的非构造圈闭。Abstract: The natural gas generation process is simulated by heating source rocks of the Yacheng Formation, including the onshore-offshore mudstone and coal with kerogens of Type II2-III in the Qiongdongnan Basin. The aim is to quantify the natural gas generation from the Yacheng Formation and to evaluate the geological prediction and kinetic parameters using an optimization procedure based on the basin modeling of the shallow-water area. For this, the hydrocarbons produced have been grouped into four classes (C1, C2, C3 and C4-6). The results show that the onset temperature of methane generation is predicted to occur at 110℃ during the thermal history of sediments since 5.3 Ma by using data extrapolation. The hydrocarbon potential for ethane, propane and heavy gaseous hydrocarbons (C4-6) is found to be almost exhausted at geological temperature of 200℃ when the transformation ratio (TR) is over 0.8, but for which methane is determined to be about 0.5 in the shallow-water area. In contrast, the end temperature of the methane generation in the deep-water area was over 300℃ with a TR over 0.8. It plays an important role in the natural gas exploration of the deep-water basin and other basins in the broad ocean areas of China. Therefore, the natural gas exploration for the deep-water area in the Qiongdongnan Basin shall first aim at the structural traps in the Ledong, Lingshui and Beijiao sags, and in the forward direction of the structure around the sags, and then gradually develop toward the non-structural trap in the deep-water area basin of the broad ocean areas of China.
-
Key words:
- deep-water area /
- geological prediction /
- natural gas /
- Yacheng Formation /
- evaluation /
- Qiongdongnan Basin
-
Behar F, Vandenbroucke M, Tang Y, et al. 1997. Thermal cracking of kerogen in open and closed systems: determination of kinetic parameters and stoichiometric coefficients for oil and gas generation. Organic Geochemistry, 26(5-6): 321-339 Berner U, Faber E, Scheeder G, et al. 1995. Primary cracking of algal and landplant kerogens: kinetic models of isotope variations in methane, ethane and propane. Chemical Geology, 126(3-4): 233-245 Braun R L, Burnham A K. 1987. Analysis of chemical reaction kinetics using a distribution of activation energies and simpler models. Energy & Fuels, 1(2): 153-161 Braun R L, Burnham A K. 1992. PMOD: a flexible model of oil and gas generation, cracking, and expulsion. Organic Geochemistry, 19(1-3): 161-172 Dieckmann V, Fowler M, Horsfield B. 2004. Predicting the composition of natural gas generated by the Duvernay Formation (Western Canada Sedimentary Basin) using a compositional kinetic approach. Organic Geochemistry, 35(7): 845-862 Forbes P L, Ungerer P M, Kuhfuss A B, et al. 1991. Compositional modeling of petroleum generation and expulsion: trial application to a local mass balance in the Smorbukk sor field, Haltenbanken area, Norway. AAPG Bulletin, 75(5): 873-893 Gong Zaisheng, Li Sitian, Xie Xinong, et al. 1997. Continental Margin Basin Analysis and Hydrocarbon Accumulation of the Northern South China Sea (in Chinese). Beijing: Science Press, 1-126 He Lijuan, Wang Kelin, Xiong Liangping, et al. 2001. Heat flow and thermal history of the South China Sea. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 126(3-4): 211-220 Hu Bo, Wang Liangshu, Yan Wenbo, et al. 2013. The tectonic evolution of the Qiongdongnan Basin in the northern margin of the South China Sea. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 77: 163-182 Hu Zhongliang, Xiao Xianming, Huang Baojia, et al. 2005. Acquirement of fluid inclusion paleo-pressure and it relation to reservoiring-Taking YA 21-1 structure in Qiongdongnan basin as an example. Natural Gas Industry (in Chinese), 25(6): 28-31 Huang Baojia, Li Xushen, Wang Zhenfeng, et al. 2012. Source rock geochemistry and gas potential in the deep water area, Qiongdongnan Basin. China Offshore Oil and Gas (in Chinese), 24(4): 1-7 Huang Baojia, Xiao Xianming, Li Xuxuan. 2003. Geochemistry and origins of natural gases in the Yinggehai and Qiongdongnan basins, offshore South China Sea. Organic Geochemistry, 34(7): 1009-1025 Krooss B M, Leythaeuser D, Lillack H. 1993. Nitrogen-rich natural gases. Qualitative and quantitative aspects of natural gas accumulation in reservoirs. Erdöl und Kohle, Erdgas, Petrochemie vereinigt mit Brennstoff-Chemie, 46(7-8): 271-276 Krooss B M, Littke R, Müller B, et al. 1995. Generation of nitrogen and methane from sedimentary organic matter: implications on the dynamics of natural gas accumulations. Chemical Geology, 126(3-4): 291-318 Li Dong, Wang Yingmin, Wang Yongfeng, et al. 2011. The sedimentary and foreground of prospect for Levee-Overbank in Central Canyon, Qiongdongnan Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica (in Chinese), 29(4): 689-694 Li Xianqing, Xiao Xianming, Mi Jingkui, et al. 2008. Kinetic parameters of methane generated from source rocks in the Kuqa depression of Tarim basin and their application. Acta Geologica Sinica, 82(1): 154-163 Pepper A S, Corvi P J. 1995. Simple kinetic models of petroleum formation. Part I: oil and gas generation from kerogen. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 12(3): 291-319 Schaefer R G, Galushkin Y I, Kolloffa A, et al. 1999. Reaction kinetics of gas generation in selected source rocks of the West Siberian Basin: implications for the mass balance of early-thermogenic methane. Chemical Geology, 156(1-4): 41-65 Schaefer R G, Schenk H J, Hardelauf H, et al. 1990. Determination of gross kinetic parameters for petroleum formation from Jurassic source rocks of different maturity levels by means of laboratory experiments. Organic Geochemistry, 16(1-3): 115-120 Schenk H J, Dieckmann V. 2004. Prediction of petroleum formation: the influence of laboratory heating rates on kinetic parameters and geological extrapolations. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 21(1): 79-95 Schenk H J, Horsfield B. 1998. Using natural maturation series to evaluate the utility of parallel reaction kinetics models: an investigation of Toarcian shales and carboniferous coals, Germany. Organic Geochemistry, 29(1-3): 137-154 Shi Xiaobin, Qiu Xuelin, Xia Kanyuan, et al. 2003. Characteristics of surface heat flow in the South China Sea. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 22(3): 265-277 Su Long, Zheng Jianjing, Chen Guojun, et al. 2012a. The upper limit of maturity of natural gas generation and its implication for the Yacheng formation in the Qiongdongnan Basin, China. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 54-55: 203-213 Su Long, Zheng Jianjing, Wang Qi, et al. 2012b. Formation mechanism and research progress on overpressure in the Qiongdongnan Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience (in Chinese), 23(4): 662-672 Sweeney J J, Burnham A K. 1990. Evaluation of a simple model of vitrinite reflectance based on chemical kinetics. AAPG Bulletin, 74(10): 1559-1570 Ungerer P, Pelet R. 1987. Extrapolation of the kinetics of oil and gas formation from laboratory experiments to sedimentary basins. Nature, 327(6117): 52-54 Whiticar M J. 1990. A geochemial perspective of natural gas and atmospheric methane. Organic Geochemistry, 16(1-3): 531-547 Wu Jingfu, Yang Shuchun, Zhang Gongcheng, et al. 2013. Geothermal history and thermal evolution of the source rocks in the deep-water area of the northern South China Sea. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 56(1): 170-180 Wu Shiguo, Yuan Shengqiang, Zhang Gongcheng, et al. 2009. Seismic characteristics of a reef carbonate reservoir and implications for hydrocarbon exploration in deepwater of the Qiongdongnan Basin, Northern South China Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 26(6): 817-823 Xie Yuhong, Wang Zhenfeng, Tong Chuanxin. 2008. Petroleum geology of Yacheng 13-1, the largest gas field in China's offshore region. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 25(4-5): 433-444 Yuan Yusong, Zhu Weilin, Mi Lijun, et al. 2009. “Uniform geothermal gradient” and heat flow in the Qiongdongnan and Pearl River Mouth Basins of the South China Sea. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 26(7): 1152-1162 Zhang Gongcheng, He Yuping, Shen Huailei, et al. 2012. Distribution of Yachen formation coal measure in Yabei sag in Qiongdongnan Basin. Natural Gas Geoscience, 23(4): 654-661 Zhang Gongcheng, Mi Lijun, Wu Shiguo, et al. 2007. Deepwater area-the new prospecting targets of northern continental margin of South China Sea. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 28(2): 15-21 Zhang Gongcheng, Zhu Weilin, Mi Lijun, et al. 2010. The theory of hydrocarbon generation controlled by source rock and heat from circle distribution of outside-oil fields and inside-gas fields in South China Sea. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica (in Chinese), 28(5): 987-1005 Zhang Gongcheng, Zhang Yina, Shen Huailei, et al. 2014. An analysis of natural gas exploration potential in the Qiongdongnan Basin by use of the theory of “joint control of source rocks and geothermal heat”. Natural Gas Industry: B, 1(1): 41-50 Zhang Gongcheng, Zhang Houhe, Zhao Zhao, et al. 2016. “Joint control of source rocks and geothermal heat”-Oil enrichment pattern of China's offshore basins. China Petroleum Exploration (in Chinese), 21(4): 38-53 Zhao Zhongxian, Sun Zhen, Wang Zhenfeng, et al. 2015. The high resolution sedimentary filling in Qiongdongnan Basin, Northern South China Sea. Marine Geology, 361: 11-24 Zhu Weilin, Zhang Gongcheng, Gao Le. 2008. Geological characteristics and exploration objectives of hydrocarbons in the northern continental margin basin of South China Sea. Acta Petrolei Sinica (in Chinese), 29(1): 1-9 Zhu Weilin, Zhang Gongcheng, Yang Shaokun, et al. 2007. Natural Gas Geology of the Continental Margin Basin, North of South Sea, China (in Chinese). Beijing: China Petroleum Industry Press, 1-391
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1018
- HTML全文浏览量: 81
- PDF下载量: 693
- 被引次数: 0