Dynamic genetic analysis for body weight and main length ratio in turbot Scophthalmus maximus
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Abstract: The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters of body width (BW) to body length (BL) ratio (BW/BL) and of body weight traits (BWT) in turbot, and to elucidate the genetic mechanism of the two traits during ontogeny by dynamic genetic analysis. From 3 to 27 months, BW, BL and BWT of each communally stocked fish were measured every 3 months. The BW/BL ratio was measured at different sampling ages. A two-trait animal model was used for genetic evaluation of traits. The results showed that the heritability values of BW/BL ratio ranged from 0.216 8 to 0.314 8, corresponding to moderate heritability. The BWT heritability values ranged from 0.270 2 to 0.347 9 corresponding to moderate heritability. The heritability of BW/BL ratio was lower than that of BWT, except at 3 months of age. Genetic correlation between BW/BL ratio and BWT decreased throughout the measurement period. Genetic correlations were higher than the phenotypic correlations. The current results for estimating genetic parameters demonstrate that the BW/BL ratio could be used as a phenotypic marker of fast-growing turbot, and the BW/BL ratio and BWT could be improved simultaneously through selective breeding.
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Key words:
- turbot /
- dynamic genetic analysis /
- body weight /
- main length ratio /
- heritability /
- genetic correlation
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Figure 1. Morphometric characteristics measured in turbot. BL represents body length, TL total length, and BW body width excluding dorsal and pelvic fins.
Figure 2. Comparison of heritability of body width/body length (BW/BL) ratio, and body weight (BWT).
Figure 3. Comparison of genetic and environmental correlations between body width/body length (BW/BL) ratio and body weight (BWT) at different sampling ages.
Table 1. Ratio of body width/body length (BW/BL ratio), and mean body weight (BWT) for each family of turbot at different sampling ages (mean±standard deviation)
Months of age BW/BL ratio BWT/g 3 0.605 6±0.022 9 2.979 1±0.916 2 6 0.784 4±0.025 0 31.125 0±9.181 8 9 0.786 1±0.024 2 164.718 8±21.533 3 12 0.813 0±0.034 5 376.412 0±47.118 2 15 0.795 4±0.0314 593.113 1±76.325 6 18 0.827 9±0.0572 2 996.683 4±107.853 4 24 0.819 3±0.048 9 1 776.437 8±183.442 1 27 0.856 7±0.332 1 2 031.383 2±279.890 1 
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Table 2. Variance components and heritability (h2) with standard errors (mean±SE) of BW/BL ratio of turbot at different sampling ages
Months of age $\sigma _a^2$ $\sigma _f^2$ $\sigma _e^2$ ${h^2}$ 3 0.150 0±0.003 8 0.112 8±0.000 1 0.213 7±0.002 7 0.314 8±0.197 1 6 0.122 9±0.012 6 0.083 4±0.000 3 0.293 6±0.013 5 0.245 8±0.121 5 9 0.256 3±0.017 1 0.100 0±0.002 4 0.825 9±0.057 8 0.216 8±0.103 2 12 1.265 2±0.135 9 0.130 0±0.018 4 3.413 4±0.179 3 0.263 1±0.140 6 15 5.580 3±1.274 9 0.089 0±0.001 3 13.729 5±2.458 1 0.287 6±0.154 3 18 18.720 2±3.946 6 0.100 0±0.003 5 47.807 3 ±7.073 4 0.280 9±0.117 2 24 27.350 8±5.001 2 0.095 1±0.001 4 61.501 1±10.713 0 0.307 5±0.168 3 27 33.331 1±8.701 1 0.016 0±0.001 1 80.312 1±12.673 2 0.293 3±0.159 8 Note: $\sigma _a^2$ represents additive genetic variance, $\sigma _f^2$ full-sib variance, $\sigma _e^2$ residual variance, h2 heritability, BW body width, and BL body length.
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Table 3. Variance components and heritability (h2) with standard errors (mean±SE) of BWT of turbot at different sampling ages
Months of age $\sigma _a^2$ $\sigma _f^2$ $\sigma _e^2$ ${h^2}$ 3 0.101 5±0.019 3 0.223 4±0.001 1 0.050 7±0.040 2 0.270 2±0.114 3 6 12.365 1±6.124 1 0.194 4±0.001 2 29.685 3±11.365 1 0.293 1±0.123 6 9 276.341 6±66.606 0 0.210 6±0.001 4 638.884 3±105.131 6 0.301 9±0.130 8 12 700.260 0±101.098 6 0.240 6±0.001 7 2 218.330 0±283.817 3 0.315 6±0.149 0 15 1 950.150 0±196.814 1 0.199 6±0.001 1 3 858.514 0±415.443 1 0.335 6±0.157 7 18 4 047.030 0±527.378 4 0.210 6±0.001 4 7 584.000 1±994.087 2 0.347 9±0.156 5 24 29 679.150 0±3 043.887 7 0.205 7±0.001 5 59 496.430 0±6 211.432 1 0.332 816±0.148 8 27 49 368.553 2±6 003.087 0 0.126 6±0.001 2 113 783.300 1±2 0583.076 3 0.302 5±0.140 1 Note: $\sigma _a^2$ represents additive genetic variance, $\sigma _f^2$full-sib variance, $\sigma _e^2$residual variance, h2 heritability, and BWT body weight.
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Table 4. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between BW/BL ratio and BWT
Months of age Genetic correlation (${r_{{A_1}{A_2}}}$) Phenotypic correlation (${r_{{P_1}{P_2}}}$) 3 0.821 3±0.021 6** 0.534 0±0.000 3** 6 0.666 7±0.013 7** 0.402 7±0.000 1** 9 0.635 5±0.012 1** 0.435 9±0.000 2** 12 0.701 4±0.017 8** 0.392 9±0.000 0** 15 0.685 4±0.014 2** 0.581 2±0.000 0** 18 0.655 5±0.011 9** 0.638 3±0.000 1** 24 0.437 8±0.012 2** 0.336 1±0.000 0** 27 0.480 4±0.012 9** 0.340 1±0.000 0** Note: * A significant correlation (P<0.05); ** a highly significant correlation (P<0.01). BW represents body width, BL body length, and BWT body weight.
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