China Argo project:progress in China Argo ocean observations and data applications

LIU Zenghong; WU Xiaofen; XU Jianping; LI Hong; LU Shaolei; SUN Chaohui; CAO Minjie

doi:10.1007/s13131-017-1035-x

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Acta Oceanologica Sinica > 2017 > 36(6): 1-11

LIU Zenghong, WU Xiaofen, XU Jianping, LI Hong, LU Shaolei, SUN Chaohui, CAO Minjie. China Argo project:progress in China Argo ocean observations and data applications[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2017, 36(6): 1-11. doi: 10.1007/s13131-017-1035-x

Citation:

LIU Zenghong, WU Xiaofen, XU Jianping, LI Hong, LU Shaolei, SUN Chaohui, CAO Minjie. China Argo project:progress in China Argo ocean observations and data applications[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2017, 36(6): 1-11. doi: 10.1007/s13131-017-1035-x

Citation:

PDF( 5288 KB)

China Argo project:progress in China Argo ocean observations and data applications

doi: 10.1007/s13131-017-1035-x

1.
State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012, China
2.
Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary, Hangzhou 310020, China

Received Date: 2016-10-21
Rev Recd Date: 2016-12-20

Abstract

Abstract

This paper reviews the current achievements of the China Argo project. It considers aspects of both the construction of the Argo observing array, float technology, and the quality control and sharing of its data. The developments of associated data products and data applications for use in the fields of ocean, atmosphere, and climate research are discussed, particularly those related to tropical cyclones (typhoons), ocean circulation, mesoscale eddies, turbulence, oceanic heat/salt storage and transportation, water masses, and operational oceanic/atmospheric/climatic forecasts and predictions. Finally, the challenges and opportunities involved in the long-term maintenance and sustained development of the China Argo ocean observation network are outlined. Discussion also focuses on the necessity for increasing the number of floats in the Indian Ocean and for expanding the regional Argo observation network in the South China Sea, together with the importance of promoting the use of Argo data by the maritime countries of Southeast Asia and India.
- China Argo,
- ocean observation,
- float development,
- Argo data,
- data application

FullText(HTML)

References(110)

References

An Yuzhu, Zhang Ren, Wang Huizan, et al. 2012. Study on calculation and spatio-temporal variations of global ocean mixed layer depth. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 55(7):2249-2258

Argo Science Team. 1998. On the design and implementation of Argo:an initial plan for a global array of profiling floats. ICPO Report No. 21. Melbourne, Vic:GODAE International Project Office, Bureau of Meteorology

Böhme L. 2003. Quality control of profiling float data in the subpolar north Atlantic[dissertation]. Kiel, Germany:Christian-Albrechts-Universität

Brasseur P, Gruber R, Barciela R, et al. 2009. Integrating biogeochemistry and ecology into ocean data assimilation systems. Oceanography, 22(3):206-215

Castelao R M. 2014. Mesoscale eddies in the South Atlantic Bight and the Gulf Stream recirculation region:vertical structure. Journal of Geophysical Research, 119(3):2048-2065

Chang Y S, Zhang Shaoqing, Rosati A, et al. 2013. An assessment of oceanic variability for 1960-2010 from the GFDL ensemble coupled data assimilation. Climate Dynamics, 40(3-4):775-803

Chen Dake. 2011. Collection of Argo Research Papers (in Chinese). Beijing:China Ocean Press, 199

Chen Dake. 2012. Argo-China. Atmosphere-Ocean, 50(Suppl):1-3

Chen Ge, Chen Hanou. 2015. Interannual modality of upper-ocean temperature:4D structure revealed by Argo data. Journal of Climate, 28(9):3441-3452

Chen Ge, Wang Xuan. 2016. Vertical structure of upper-ocean seasonality:annual and semiannual cycles with oceanographic implications. Journal of Climate, 29(1):37-59

Chen Ge, Yu Fangjie. 2015. An objective algorithm for estimating maximum oceanic mixed layer depth using seasonality indices derived from Argo temperature/salinity profiles. Journal of Geophysical Research, 120(1):582-595

Chen Yide, Zhang Ren, Jiang Guorong. 2006. Evaluation and analysis of Mid-Depth currents of the equatorial Pacific using Argo float position information. Marine Forecasts (in Chinese), 23(4):37-46

Cheng Lijing, Zhu Jiang. 2014a. Artifacts in variations of ocean heat content induced by the observation system changes. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(20):7276-7283

Cheng Lijing, Zhu Jiang. 2014b. Uncertainties of the ocean heat content estimation induced by insufficient vertical resolution of historical ocean subsurface observations. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 31(6):1383-1396

Cheng Lijing, Zhu Jiang. 2015. Influences of the choice of climatology on ocean heat content estimation. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 32(2):388-394

Cheng Lijing, Zhu Jiang, Sriver R L. 2015. Global representation of tropical cyclone-induced short-term ocean thermal changes using Argo data. Ocean Science, 11(5):719-741

Du Yan, Zhang Yuhong, Feng Ming, et al. 2015. Decadal trends of the upper ocean salinity in the tropical Indo-Pacific since mid-1990s. Scientific Reports, 5:16050, doi:10.1038/srep 16050

Fukasawa M, Freeland H, Perkin R, et al. 2004. Bottom water warming in the North Pacific Ocean. Nature, 427(6977):825-827

Gao Fei, Zhang Ren, Li Can, et al. 2014. Analysis of the characteristics of temperature and thermocline in the ocean east of Taiwan based on gridded Argo data. Journal of Tropical Oceanography (in Chinese), 33(1):17-25

Gray A R, Riser S C. 2014. A global analysis of Sverdrup balance using absolute geostrophic velocities from Argo. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 44(4):1213-1229

Guinehut S, Dhomps A L, Larnicol G, et al. 2012. High resolution 3-D temperature and salinity fields derived from in situ and satellite observations. Ocean Science Discussion, 8(5):845-857

Han Guijun, Fu Hongli, Zhang Xuefeng, et al. 2013. A global ocean reanalysis product in the China Ocean Reanalysis (CORA) project. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 30(6):1621-1631

Han Guijun, Li Wei, Zhang Xuefeng, et al. 2011. A regional ocean reanalysis system for coastal waters of china and adjacent seas. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 28(3):682-690

Han Yukang, Zhou Lin. 2015. Analysis of acoustic field in tropical Indian Ocean upper based on Argo data. Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition) (in Chinese), 16(2):180-187

Jiang Lianghong, Chen Dake. 2012. Spatiotemporal analysis of tropical Pacific barrier layer thickness. Journal of Marine Sciences (in Chinese), 30(2):14-20

Johnson G C, Purkey S G, Bullister J L. 2008. Warming and freshening in the abyssal southeastern Indian Ocean. Journal of Climate, 21(20):5351-5363

Johnson K S, Berelson M W, Boss E S, et al. 2009. Observing biogeochemical cycles at global scales with profiling floats and gliders:prospects for a global array. Oceanography, 22(3):216-225

Kwon Y O, Alexander M A, Bond N A, et al. 2010. Role of the gulf stream and Kuroshio-Oyashio systems in large-scale atmosphere-ocean interaction:a review. Journal of Climate, 23(12):3249-3281

Li Hong, Liu Zenghong, Xu Jianping, et al. 2015. Introduction of Global Ocean Argo Gridded Dataset (BOA_Argo) (in Chinese). Hangzhou:China Argo Real-time Data Center

Li Hong, Liu Zenghong, Xu Jianping, et al. 2016. Introduction of Global Ocean Argo Gridded Dataset (BOA_Argo) (in Chinese). Hangzhou:China Argo Real-time Data Center

Li Hong, Xu Jianping, Liu Zenghong, et al. 2012. Global Ocean Argo Gridded Dataset (BOA_Argo) User Manual (in Chinese). Hangzhou:China Argo Real-time Data Center

Li Hong, Xu Jianping, Liu Zenghong, et al. 2013. Study on the global ocean Argo gridded dataset and its validation community in coastal waters of Yantai. Marine Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 32(6):615-625

Li Hong, Xu Jianping, Liu Zenghong, et al. 2014. Global Ocean Argo Gridded Dataset (BOA_Argo) User Manual (in Chinese). Hangzhou:China Argo Real-time Data Center

Li H, Xu F, Zhou W, et al. 2017. Development of a global gridded Argo data set with Barnes successive corrections. Journal of Geophysical Research Oceans, 122, doi: 10.1002/2016JC012285

Lin I I, Black P, Price J F, et al. 2013a. An ocean coupling potential intensity index for tropical cyclones. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(9):1878-1882

Lin I I, Goni G J, Knaff J A, et al. 2013b. Ocean heat content for tropical cyclone intensity forecasting and its impact on storm surge. Natural Hazards, 66(3):1481-1500

Lin I I, Pun L F, Lien C C. 2014. Categoty-6” supertyphoon Haiyan in global warming hiatus:contribution from subsurface ocean warming. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(23):8547-8553

Liu Yimin, Li Weijing, Zhang Peiqun. 2005. A global 4-dimensional ocean data assimilation system and the studies on its results in the tropic Pacific. Haiyang Xuebao (in Chinese), 27(1):27-35

Liu Zenghong, Xu Jianping, Sun Chaohui. 2007. Discussing on detecting and calibration method of Argo conductivity sensor drift errors. Ocean Technology (in Chinese), 26(4):72-76

Liu Zenghong, Xu Jianping, Sun Chaohui, et al. 2011. The characteristics of water mass distribution and its seasonal variation near the Luzon Strait. Journal of Tropical Oceanography (in Chinese), 30(1):11-19

Liu Zenghong, Xu Jianping, Sun Chaohui, et al. 2014. An upper ocean response to Typhoon Bolaven analyzed with Argo profiling floats. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 33(11):90-101

Liu Zenghong, Xu Jianping, Zhu Bokang, et al. 2006. Upper ocean response to tropical cyclones in northwestern Pacific during 2001-2004 by Argo data. Journal of Tropical Oceanography (in Chinese), 25(1):1-8

Lu Shaolei, Li Hong, Liu Zenghong. 2014. Improvement of Argo salinity data delayed-mode quality control method. Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition) (in Chinese), 15(6):598-606

Lu Shaolei, Sun Chaohui, Liu Zenghong, et al. 2016. Comparative testing and data quality evaluation for COPEX, HM2000 and APEX profiling buoys. Journal of Ocean Technology (in Chinese), 35(1):84-92

Mao Qingwen, Chu Xiaoqing, Yan Youfang, et al. 2013. A three-dimensional temperature and salinity reconstruction system in the South China Sea. Journal of Tropical Oceanography (in Chinese), 32(6):1-8

Mercier H, Lherminier P, Sarafanov A, et al. 2015. Variability of the meridional overturning circulation at the Greenland-Portugal OVIDE section from 1993 to 2010. Progress in Oceanography, 132:250-261

National Marine Data and Information Service. 2011. Argo Gridded Product User Manual (in Chinese). Tianjin:National Marine Data and Information Service

Ollitrault M, de Verdière A C. 2014. The ocean general circulation near 1000-m depth. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 44(1):384-409

Ollitrault M, Rannou J P. 2013. ANDRO:an Argo-based deep displacement dataset. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 30(4):759-788

Owens W B, Wong A P S. 2009. An improved calibration method for the drift of the conductivity sensor on autonomous CTD profiling floats by θ-S climatology. Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers, 56(3):450-457

Pei Yuhua, Zhang Ronghua, Chen Dake. 2015. Upper ocean response to tropical cyclone wind forcing:a case study of typhoon Rammasun (2008). Science China Earth Sciences, 58(9):1623-1632

Purkey S G, Johnson G C. 2010. Warming of global abyssal and deep Southern Ocean waters between the 1990s and 2000s:contributions to global heat and sea level rise budgets. Journal of Climate, 23(23):6336-6351

Purkey S G, Johnson G C. 2013. Antarctic Bottom Water warming and freshening:contributions to sea level rise, ocean freshwater budgets, and global heat gain. Journal of Climate, 26(16):6105-6122

Riser S C, Freeland H J, Roemmich D, et al. 2016. Fifteen years of ocean observations with the global Argo array. Nature Climate Change, 6(2):145-153

Song Xiangzhou, Lin Xiaopei, Padmore M R, et al. 2009. Spacial structure and annual variation estimated from Argo float data for Subtropical Mode Water in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Advances in Marine Science (in Chinese), 27(1):1-10

Sun Liang, Li Yingxin, Yang Yuanjian, et al. 2014. Effects of super typhoons on cyclonic ocean eddies in the Western North Pacific:a satellite data-based evaluation between 2000 and 2008. Journal of Geophysical Research, 119(9):5585-5598

Sun Chaohui, Xu Jianping, Liu Zenghong, et al. 2008. Application of Argo data in the analysis of water masses in the northwest Pacific ocean. Marine Science Bulletin, 10(2):1-13

Thierry C, Robert K, Yasushi T, et al. 2015. Argo User'S Manual V3.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.13155/29825

Tong Mingrong, Xu Jianping, Ma Jirui, et al. 2004. Probing into the conductivity sensor drift problem of the ARGO profiling float. Ocean Technology (in Chinese), 23(3):105-116, 124

Wang Guihua, Liu Zenghong, Xu Jianping. 2006. Three dimensional Pacific temperature, salinity and circulation reconstructions with Argo data. In:Xu Jianping, eds. A Collection of Research Articles on Argo Application (in Chinese). Beijing:China Ocean Press, 16-26

Wang Xidong, Wang Chunzai, Han Guijun, et al. 2014. Effects of tropical cyclones on large-scale circulation and ocean heat transport in the South China Sea. Climate Dynamics, 43(12):3351-3366

Wang Huizan, Wang Guihua, Zhang Ren, et al. 2010. Argo Gridded Salinity Product (G-Argo) User Manual (in Chinese). Hangzhou:China Argo Real-time Data Center

Wang Guihua, Wu Lingwei, Johnson N C, et al. 2016. Observed three-dimensional structure of ocean cooling induced by Pacific tropical cyclones. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(14):7632-7638

Wang Jin, Zhang Jie, Wang Jing. 2015. Quality assessment of spaceborne microwave radiometer Aquarius data product based on Argo buoy data. Haiyang Xuebao (in Chinese), 37(3):46-53

Wong A P S, Johnson G C, Owens W B. 2003. Delayed-mode calibration of autonomous CTD profiling float salinity data by θ-S climatology. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 20:308–318

Wong A, Keeley R, Carval T, et al. 2014. Argo Quality Control Manual. http://dx.doi.org/10.13155/33951[2016-12-29/2016-10-22]

Wu Lixin, Jing Zhao, Riser S, et al. 2011a. Seasonal and spatial variations of Southern Ocean diapycnal mixing from Argo profiling floats. Nature Geoscience, 4(6):363-366

Wu Tongwen, Song Lianchun, Liu Xiangwen, et al. 2013. Progress in developing the short-range operational climate prediction system of China national climate center. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science (in Chinese), 24(5):533-543

Wu Xiaofen, Xu Jianping, Zhang Qilong, et al. 2011b. CSEOF analysis of the upper ocean heat content over tropical western Pacific. Journal of Tropical Oceanography (in Chinese), 30(6):37-46

Wu Xiaofen, Zhang Qilong, Liu Zenghong. 2014. Annual and interannual variations of the Western Pacific Warm Pool volume and sources of warm water revealed by Argo data. Science China Earth Sciences, 57(9):2269-2280

Xie Jiping, Zhu Jiang. 2008. Estimation of the surface and mid-depth currents from Argo floats in the Pacific and error analysis. Journal of Marine Systems, 73(1-2):61-75

Xie Jiping, Zhu Jiang. 2009. A dataset of global ocean surface currents for 1999-2007 derived from Argo float trajectories:a comparison with surface drifter and TAO measurements. Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 2(2):97-102

Xie Jiping, Zhu Jiang, Xu Li, et al. 2005. Evaluation of mid-depth currents of NCEP reanalysis data in the tropical Pacific using Argo float position information. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 22(5):677-684

Xu Jianping. 2002. A Exploration of Global Ocean Argo Observing (in Chinese). Beijing:China Ocean Press

Xu Jianping. 2006. Collection of Argo Application Papers (in Chinese). Beijing:China Ocean Press, 240

Xu Jianping. 2010. Collection of Papers on the Observation and Application of Argo Profilling Floats in the West Pacific Ocean (in Chinese). Beijing:China Ocean Press, 344

Xu Jianping. 2014. A Collection of Research Articles of Argo Science Workshop (in Chinese). Beijing:China Ocean Press, 368

Xu Lixiao, Li Peiliang, Xie Shangping, et al. 2016. Observing mesoscale eddy effects on mode-water subduction and transport in the North Pacific. Nature Communications, 7:10505, doi:10.1038/ncomms 10505

Xu Jianping, Liu Zenghong. 2007. Experiment of Chinese Argo Ocean Observing Array (in Chinese). Beijing:China Meteorological Press, 158

Xu Dongfeng, Liu Zenghong, Xu Xiaohua, et al. 2005. The influence of typhoon on the sea surface salinity in the Warm Pool of the western Pacific. Haiyang Xuebao (in Chinese), 27(6):9-15

Yan Yunwei, Wang Guihua, Wang Chunzai, et al. 2015. Low-salinity water off west Luzon island in Summer. Journal of Geophysical Research, 120(4):3011-3021

Yang Tingting, Chen Zhongbiao, He Yijun. 2015a. A new method to retrieve salinity profiles from sea surface salinity observed by SMOS satellite. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 34(9):85-93

Yang Shenglong, Jin Shaofei, Hua Chengjun, et al. 2015b. Spatial-temporal distribution of bigeye tuna Thunnus obesus in the tropical Atlantic Ocean based on Argo data. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (in Chinese), 26(2):601-608

Yang Shenglong, Ma Junjie, Wu Yumei, et al. 2008. Study on the reconstruction of Pacific temperature arena with Argo data based on the Kriging methods. Marine Fisheries (in Chinese), 30(1):13-18

Yang Tingting, Xu Yongsheng. 2015. Estimation of the time series of the meridional heat transport across 15°N in the Pacific ocean from Argo and satellite data. Journal of Geophysical Research, 120(4):3043-3060

Yang Guang, Yu Weidong, Yuan Yeli, et al. 2015c. Characteristics, vertical structures, and heat/salt transports of mesoscale eddies in the southeastern tropical Indian ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, 120(10):6733-6750

Yi Shuang, Sun Wenke, Heki K, et al. 2015. An increase in the rate of global mean sea level rise since 2010. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(11):3998-4006

Yu Lizhong, Shang Hongmei, Zhang Shaoyong. 2001. Elementary introduction of Argo buoy technological study. Ocean Technology (in Chinese), 20(3):34-40

Yuan Dongliang, Zhang Zhichun, Chu C P, et al. 2014. Geostrophic circulation in the tropical North Pacific Ocean based on Argo profiles. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 44(2):558-575

Zhang Chuan, Hu Bo, Wang Cong, et al. 2011. Comparative study of Argo floats on sea trial. Ocean Technology (in Chinese), 30(2):94-98

Zhang Ren, Huang Zhisong, Liu Wei, et al. 2012. Diagnostic calculation of three dimensions sea currents in the Pacific based on ARGO buoyage observational data. Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics (in Chinese), 27(3):256-263

Zhang Shaoyong, Lin Yuchi. 2005. Brief introduction to calibrating the profiling depth of the COPEX. Ocean Technology (in Chinese), 24(3):41-45

Zhang Renhe, Liu Yinmin, Yin Yonghong, et al. 2004. Utilizing Argo data to improve the ocean data assimilation and the relative physical processes in ZC ocean model. Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese), 62(5):613-622

Zhang Zhengguang, Wang Wei, Qiu Bo. 2014. Oceanic mass transport by mesoscale eddies. Science, 345(6194):322-324

Zhang Chunling, Xu Jianping. 2014. T/S distribution and variation in the Pacific based on Argo observations:Part I. temperature. Marine Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 33(6):647-658

Zhang Chunling, Xu Jianping. 2015. T/S distribution and variation in the Pacific based on Argo observations:Part Ⅱ. salinity. Marine Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 34(1):21-31

Zhang Chunling, Xu Jianping Liu Zenghong, et al. 2013a. User Manual of Argo Three-Dimensional Grid Data (GDCSM_Argo) (in Chinese). Hangzhou:China Argo Real-time Data Center

Zhang Renhe, Yin Yonghong, Li Qingquan, et al. 2006. Utilizing Argo data to improve the prediction of ENSO and short-term climate prediction of summer rainfall in China. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science (in Chinese), 17(5):538-547

Zhang Weitao, Zhang Ren, An Yuzhu, et al. 2013b. Diagnostic calculation of three dimensions sea flow in the Pacific by P vector method on isopycnal surface. Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics (in Chinese), 28(1):72-80

Zhang Xu, Zhang Yonggang, Zhang Jianxue, et al. 2010. EOF analysis of sound speed profiles in sea area east of Taiwan. Advances in Marine Science (in Chinese), 28(4):498-506

Zhang Xu, Zhang Yonggang, Zhang Shengjun, et al. 2009. Distribution and seasonal variability of sound speed profile in the Philippine Sea. Journal of Tropical Oceanography (in Chinese), 28(6):23-34

Zhang Renhe, Zhu Jiang, Xu Jianping, et al. 2013c. Argo global ocean data assimilation and its applications in short-term climate prediction and oceanic analysis. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 37(2):411-424

Zhao Xin, Li Hong, Liu Zenghong, et al. 2016. Argo surface temperature and salinity estimation by the mixed layer model. Marine Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 35(5):532-544

Zheng Fei, Wang Hui, Wan Liying. 2015. Effects of interannual salinity variability on the dynamic height in the western equatorial Pacific as diagnosed by Argo. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 34(5):22-28

Zheng Fei, Zhang Ronghua. 2015. Interannually varying salinity effects on ENSO in the tropical Pacific:a diagnostic analysis from Argo. Ocean Dynamics, 65(5):691-705

Zheng Fei, Zhang Ronghua, Zhu Jiang. 2014. Effects of interannual salinity variability on the barrier layer in the western-central equatorial Pacific:a diagnostic analysis from Argo. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 31(3):532-542

Zhou Wei, Chen Mengyan, Zhuang Wei, et al. 2016. Evaluation of the tropical variability from the Beijing Climate Center's real-time operational Global Ocean Data Assimilation System. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 33(2):208-220

Zhou Hui, Xu Jianping, Guo Peifang, et al. 2006. A study on an anticyclonic eddy east of Mindanao observed by an Argo profiling float. Journal of Tropical Oceanography (in Chinese), 25(6):8-14

Zhou Hui, Yuan Dongliang, Guo Peifang, et al. 2010. Meso-scale circulation at the intermediate-depth east of Mindanao observed by Argo profiling floats. Science China Earth Sciences, 53(3):432-440

Zhu Jiang, Zhou Guangqing, Yan Changxiang, et al. 2006. A three-dimensional variational ocean data assimilation system:scheme and preliminary results. Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences, 49(11):1212-1222.

Relative Articles

Supplements(0)

Cited By

Proportional views