Citation: | ZHI Hai, LIN Pengfei, ZHANG Rong-Hua, CHAI Fei, LIU Hailong. Salinity effects on the 2014 warm “Blob” in the Northeast Pacific[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2019, 38(9): 24-34. doi: 10.1007/s13131-019-1450-2 |
Adler R F, Huffman G J, Chang A, et al. 2003. The version-2 global precipitation climatology project (GPCP) monthly precipitation analysis (1979-present). Journal of Hydrometeorology, 4(6):1147-1167, doi: 10.1175/1525-7541(2003)004<1147:TVGPCP>2.0.CO;2
|
Ballabrera-Poy J, Murtugudde R, Busalacchi A J. 2002. On the potential impact of sea surface salinity observations on ENSO predictions. Journal of Geophysical Research, 107(C12):8007, doi: 10.1029/2001JC000834
|
Baxter S, Nigam S. 2015. Key role of the north Pacific oscillation-west Pacific pattern in generating the extreme 2013/14 North American winter. Journal of Climate, 28(20):8109-8117, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00726.1
|
Blunden J, Arndt D S. 2015. State of the Climate in 2014. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 96(7):ES1-ES32, doi: 10.1175/2015BAMSStateoftheClimate.1
|
Bond N A, Cronin M F, Freeland H, et al. 2015. Causes and impacts of the 2014 warm anomaly in the NE Pacific. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(9):3414-3420, doi: 10.1002/2015GL063306
|
Bosc C, Delcroix T, Maes C. 2009. Barrier layer variability in the western Pacific warm pool from 2000 to 2007. Journal of Geophysical Research, 114(C6):C06023, doi: 10.1029/2008JC005187
|
de Boyer Montegut C, Madec G, Fischer A S, et al. 2004. Mixed layer depth over the global ocean:an examination of profile data and a profile-based climatology. Journal of Geophysical Research, 109(C12):C12003, doi: 10.1029/2004JC002378
|
di Lorenzo E, Liguori G, Schneider N, et al. 2015. ENSO and meridional modes:a null hypothesis for Pacific climate variability. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(21):9440-9448, doi: 10.1002/2015GL066281
|
di Lorenzo E, Mantua N. 2016. Multi-year persistence of the 2014/15 north pacific marine heatwave. Nature Climate Change, 6:1042-1047, doi: 10.1038/nclimate3082
|
Fedorov A V, Pacanowski R C, Philander S G, et al. 2004. The effect of salinity on the wind-driven circulation and the thermal structure of the upper ocean. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 34(9):1949-1966, doi: 10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<1949:TEOSOT>2.0.CO;2
|
Freeland H, Denman K, Wong C S, et al. 1997. Evidence of change in the winter mixed layer in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. Deep Sea Research Part I:Oceanographic Research Papers, 44(12):2117-2129, doi: 10.1016/S0967-0637(97)00083-6
|
Freeland H, Whitney F. 2014. Unusual warming in the Gulf of Alaska. Pices Press, 22(2):51-52
|
Hackert E, Ballabrera-Poy J, Busalacchi A J, et al. 2011. Impact of sea surface salinity assimilation on coupled forecasts in the tropical Pacific. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116(C5):C05009, doi: 10.1029/2010JC006708
|
Hartmann D L. 2015. Pacific sea surface temperature and the winter of 2014. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(6):1894-1902, doi: 10.1002/2015GL063083
|
Hu Zengzhen, Kumar A, Jha B, et al. 2017. Persistence and Predictions of the Remarkable Warm Anomaly in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean during 2014-16. Journal of Climate, 30(2):689-701, doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0348.1
|
Huang Boyin, Mehta V M. 2005. Response of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans to interannual variations in net atmospheric freshwater. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110(C8):C08008, doi: 10.1029/2004JC002830
|
Johnson B K, Bryan F O, Grodsky S A, et al. 2016. Climatological annual cycle of the salinity budgets of the subtropical maxima. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 46(10):2981-2994, doi: 10.1175/JPO-D-15-0202.1
|
Kara A B, Rochford P A, Hurlburt H E. 2000. An optimal definition for ocean mixed layer depth. Journal of Geophysical Research, 105(C7):16803-16821, doi: 10.1029/2000JC900072
|
Kintisch E. 2015. The Blob' invades pacific, flummoxing climate experts. Science, 348(6230):17-18, doi: 10.1126/science.348.6230.17
|
Liu Hailong, Grodsky S A, Carton J A. 2009. Observed subseasonal variability of oceanic barrier and compensated layers. Journal of Climate, 22(22):6104-6119, doi: 10.1175/2009JCLI2974.1
|
Liu Lingling, Huang Ruixin. 2012. The global subduction/obduction rates:their interannual and decadal variability. Journal of Climate, 25(4):1096-1115, doi: 10.1175/2011JCLI4228.1
|
Palmer T. 2014. Record-breaking winters and global climate change. Science, 344(6186):803-804, doi: 10.1126/science.1255147
|
Sprintall J, Tomczak M. 1992. Evidence of the barrier layer in the surface layer of the tropics. Journal of Geophysical Research, 97(C5):7305-7316, doi: 10.1029/92JC00407
|
Tseng Y H, Ding Ruiqiang, Huang Xiaomeng. 2017. The warm Blob in the northeast Pacific-the bridge leading to the 2015/16 El Ni?o. Environmental Research Letters, 12(5):054019, doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/aa67c3
|
van Oldenborgh G J, Haarsma R, de Vries H, et al. 2015. Cold extremes in North America vs. mild weather in Europe:the winter of 2013-14 in the context of a warming world. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 96(5):707-714
|
Wang S Y, Hipps L, Gillies R R, Yoon J H. 2014. Probable causes of the abnormal ridge accompanying the 2013-2014 California drought:ENSO precursor and anthropogenic warming footprint. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(9):3220-3226, doi: 10.1002/2014GL059748
|
Whitney F A. 2015. Anomalous winter winds decrease 2014 transition zone productivity in the NE Pacific. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(2):428-431, doi: 10.1002/2014GL062634
|
Williams A P, Seager R, Abatzoglou J T, et al. 2015. Contribution of anthropogenic warming to California drought during 2012-2014. Geophysical Research Letters, 42(16):6819-6828, doi: 10.1002/2015GL064924
|
Yoon J H, Wang S Y S, Gillies R R. et al 2015. Increasing water cycle extremes in California and in relation to ENSO cycle under global warming. Nature Communications, 6:8657, doi: 10.1038/ncomms9657
|
Yu L S, Jin X Z, Weller R A. 2008. Multidecade global flux datasets from the objectively analyzed air-sea fluxes (OAFlux) Project:latent and sensible heat fluxes, ocean evaporation, and related surface meteorological variables. Massachusetts:Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 64
|
Yu Bin, Zhang Xuebin. 2015. A physical analysis of the severe 2013/2014 cold winter in North America. Journal of Geophysical Research, 120(19):10149-10165, doi: 10.1002/2015JD023116
|
Zhang Ronghua, Busalacchi A J. 2009. Freshwater flux (FWF)-induced oceanic feedback in a hybrid coupled model of the tropical Pacific. Journal of Climate, 22:853-879, doi: 10.1175/2008JCLI2543.1
|
Zhang Ronghua, Gao Chuan, Kang Xianbiao, et al. 2015. ENSO modulations due to interannual variability of freshwater forcing and ocean biology-induced heating in the tropical Pacific. Scientific Reports, 5:18506, doi: 10.1038/srep18506
|
Zhang Ronghua, Wang Guihua, Chen Dake, et al. 2010. Interannual biases induced by freshwater flux and coupled feedback in the tropical Pacific. Monthly Weather Review, 138(5):1715-1737, doi: 10.1175/2009MWR3054.1
|
Zhao Mei, Hendon H H, Alves O, et al. 2013. Impact of salinity constraints on the simulated mean state and variability in a coupled seasonal forecast model. Monthly Weather Review, 141(1):388-402, doi: 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00341.1
|
Zheng Fei, Zhang Ronghua. 2012. Effects of interannual salinity variability and freshwater flux forcing on the development of the 2007/08 La Ni?a event diagnosed from Argo and satellite data. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 57:45-57, doi: 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2012.06.002
|
Zheng Fei, Zhang Ronghua, Zhu Jiang. 2014. Effects of interannual salinity variability on the barrier layer in the western-central equatorial Pacific:A diagnostic analysis from Argo. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 31:532-542, doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3061-8
|
Zhu Jieshun, Huang Bohua, Zhang Ronghua, et al. 2014. Salinity anomaly as a trigger for ENSO events. Scientific Reports, 4:6821, doi: 10.1038/srep06821
|
1. | Taku Niinuma, Ichiro Yasuda. Eastward propagation of mid-latitude near-surface thermohaline anomaly and link to marine heat waves in the eastern North Pacific. Journal of Oceanography, 2025. doi:10.1007/s10872-024-00739-3 | |
2. | Feng Tian, Rong-Hua Zhang. Persistent warming and anomalous biogeochemical signatures observed in the Northern Tropical Pacific Ocean during 2013–2020. Climate Dynamics, 2024. doi:10.1007/s00382-024-07184-4 | |
3. | Jian Shi, Hao Huang, Alexey V. Fedorov, et al. Northeast Pacific warm blobs sustained via extratropical atmospheric teleconnections. Nature Communications, 2024, 15(1) doi:10.1038/s41467-024-47032-x | |
4. | Camille M. L. S. Pagniello, Michael R. Castleton, Aaron B. Carlisle, et al. Novel CTD tag establishes shark fins as ocean observing platforms. Scientific Reports, 2024, 14(1) doi:10.1038/s41598-024-63543-5 | |
5. | Igor M. Belkin, Jeffrey W. Short. Echoes of the 2013–2015 Marine Heat Wave in the Eastern Bering Sea and Consequent Biological Responses. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 2023, 11(5): 958. doi:10.3390/jmse11050958 | |
6. | Semyon A. Grodsky, Nicolas Reul, Douglas Vandemark. Sea surface salinity response to variations in the Aleutian Low. Journal of Marine Systems, 2023, 240: 103888. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2023.103888 | |
7. | Zhenli Gao, Wentao Jia, Weimin Zhang, et al. Study on Seasonal Characteristics and Causes of Marine Heatwaves in the South China Sea over Nearly 30 Years. Atmosphere, 2023, 14(12): 1822. doi:10.3390/atmos14121822 | |
8. | Rachel R. Holser, Theresa R. Keates, Daniel P. Costa, et al. Extent and Magnitude of Subsurface Anomalies During the Northeast Pacific Blob as Measured by Animal‐Borne Sensors. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 2022, 127(7) doi:10.1029/2021JC018356 | |
9. | Jian Shi, Cong Tang, Qinyu Liu, et al. Role of Mixed Layer Depth in the Location and Development of the Northeast Pacific Warm Blobs. Geophysical Research Letters, 2022, 49(16) doi:10.1029/2022GL098849 | |
10. | Wei Duan, Xuhua Cheng, Xiuhua Zhu, et al. Variability in upper-ocean salinity stratification in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2021, 40(1): 113. doi:10.1007/s13131-020-1597-x | |
11. | Konstantin Rogachev, Natalia Shlyk. Record-breaking warming in the Kamchatka Current halocline. Ocean Dynamics, 2021, 71(5): 545. doi:10.1007/s10236-021-01445-0 | |
12. | Ziyan Chen, Jian Shi, Chun Li. Two types of warm blobs in the Northeast Pacific and their potential effect on the El Niño. International Journal of Climatology, 2021, 41(4): 2810. doi:10.1002/joc.6991 |