Statistics of underwater ambient noise at high sea states arisen from typhoon out zones in the Philippine Sea and South China Sea

Qiulong Yang; Kunde Yang; Shunli Duan; Yuanliang Ma

doi:10.1007/s13131-022-1991-7

Volume 41 Issue 7

Jul. 2022

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Qiulong Yang, Kunde Yang, Shunli Duan, Yuanliang Ma. Statistics of underwater ambient noise at high sea states arisen from typhoon out zones in the Philippine Sea and South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2022, 41(7): 153-165. doi: 10.1007/s13131-022-1991-7

Citation:

Qiulong Yang, Kunde Yang, Shunli Duan, Yuanliang Ma. Statistics of underwater ambient noise at high sea states arisen from typhoon out zones in the Philippine Sea and South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2022, 41(7): 153-165. doi: 10.1007/s13131-022-1991-7

Citation:

Qiulong Yang, Kunde Yang, Shunli Duan, Yuanliang Ma. Statistics of underwater ambient noise at high sea states arisen from typhoon out zones in the Philippine Sea and South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2022, 41(7): 153-165. doi: 10.1007/s13131-022-1991-7

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Statistics of underwater ambient noise at high sea states arisen from typhoon out zones in the Philippine Sea and South China Sea

doi: 10.1007/s13131-022-1991-7

Qiulong Yang^{1, 2, 3
,
,},
Kunde Yang^{1, 2
,
,},
Shunli Duan^{1, 2},
Yuanliang Ma^{1, 2}

1.
School of Marine Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Ocean Acoustics and Sensing, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Xi’an 710072, China
3.
Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Information Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources, Tianjin 300171, China

Funds: The Project of Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction under contract No. D5120210106; the Open Fund Project of Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Information Technology, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China under contract No. D5110200611; the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under contract No. 3102019HHZY030011; the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under contract No. 2019M663822; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 11574251 and 11704313.

More Information

Corresponding author: Email: yangqiulong@nwpu.edu.cn; ykdzym@nwpu.edu.cn
Received Date: 2020-12-31
Accepted Date: 2021-11-10

Available Online: 2022-04-08

Publish Date: 2022-07-08

Abstract

Abstract

Oceanic noise is the background interference in sonar performance prediction and evaluation at high sea states. Statistics of underwater ambient noise during Typhoons Soulik and Nida were analyzed on the basis of experimental measurements conducted in a deep area of the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea. Generated linear regression, frequency correlation matrix (FCM), Burr distribution and Gumbel distribution were described for the analysis of correlation with environmental parameters including wind speed (WS), significant wave height (SWH), and the inter-frequency relationship and probability density function of noise levels (NLs). When the typhoons were quite close to the receivers, the increment of NLs exceeded 10 dB. Whilst ambient noise was completely dominated by wind agitation, NLs were proportional to the cubic and quintic functions of WS and SWH, respectively. The fitted results between NLs and oceanic parameters were different for “before typhoon” and “after typhoon”. The fitted slopes of linear regression showed a linear relationship with the logarithm of frequency. The average observed typhoon-generated NLs were 5 dB lower than the Wenz curve at the same wind force due to the insufficiently developed sea state or the delay between NLs and WS. The cross-correlation coefficient of FCM, which can be utilized in the identification of noise sources in different bands, exceeded 0.8 at frequencies higher than 250 Hz. Furthermore, standard deviation increased with frequency. The kurtosis was equal to 3 at >400 Hz approximately. The characteristics of NLs showed good agreement with the results of FCM.
- statistics,
- underwater acoustics,
- cruise-measured ambient noise,
- typhoon,
- Philippine Sea,
- South China Sea,
- deep ocean

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References(37)

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