Assessment of theoretical approaches to derivation of internal solitary wave parameters from multi-satellite images near the Dongsha Atoll of the South China Sea

Huarong Xie; Qing Xu; Quanan Zheng; Xuejun Xiong; Xiaomin Ye; Yongcun Cheng

doi:10.1007/s13131-022-2015-3

Volume 41 Issue 6

Jun. 2022

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Acta Oceanologica Sinica > 2022 > 41(6): 137-145

Huarong Xie, Qing Xu, Quanan Zheng, Xuejun Xiong, Xiaomin Ye, Yongcun Cheng. Assessment of theoretical approaches to derivation of internal solitary wave parameters from multi-satellite images near the Dongsha Atoll of the South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2022, 41(6): 137-145. doi: 10.1007/s13131-022-2015-3

Citation:

Huarong Xie, Qing Xu, Quanan Zheng, Xuejun Xiong, Xiaomin Ye, Yongcun Cheng. Assessment of theoretical approaches to derivation of internal solitary wave parameters from multi-satellite images near the Dongsha Atoll of the South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2022, 41(6): 137-145. doi: 10.1007/s13131-022-2015-3

Citation:

Huarong Xie, Qing Xu, Quanan Zheng, Xuejun Xiong, Xiaomin Ye, Yongcun Cheng. Assessment of theoretical approaches to derivation of internal solitary wave parameters from multi-satellite images near the Dongsha Atoll of the South China Sea[J]. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 2022, 41(6): 137-145. doi: 10.1007/s13131-022-2015-3

PDF( 7932 KB)

Assessment of theoretical approaches to derivation of internal solitary wave parameters from multi-satellite images near the Dongsha Atoll of the South China Sea

doi: 10.1007/s13131-022-2015-3

1.
Key Laboratory of Marine Hazards Forecasting of Ministry of Natural Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
2.
College of Marine Technology, Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
3.
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
4.
First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
5.
National Satellite Ocean Application Service, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing 100081, China
6.
Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
7.
PIESAT Information Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100195, China

Funds: The National Key Project of Research and Development Plan of China under contract No. 2016YFC1401905; the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 41976163; the Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) under contract No. GML2019ZD0602; the Guangdong Special Fund Program for Marine Economy Development under contract No. GDNRC[2020]050.

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: xuqing@ouc.edu.cn
Received Date: 2021-03-15
Accepted Date: 2021-05-08

Available Online: 2022-03-16

Publish Date: 2022-06-16

Abstract

Abstract

This study assesses the accuracy and the applicability of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation solutions to derivation of dynamic parameters of internal solitary waves (ISWs) from satellite images. Visible band images taken by five satellite sensors with spatial resolutions from 5 m to 250 m near the Dongsha Atoll of the northern South China Sea (NSCS) are used as a baseline. From the baseline, the amplitudes of ISWs occurring from July 10 to 13, 2017 are estimated by the two approaches and compared with concurrent mooring observations for assessments. Using the ratio of the dimensionless dispersive parameter to the square of dimensionless nonlinear parameter as a criterion, the best appliable ranges of the two approaches are clearly separated. The statistics of total 18 cases indicate that in each 50% of cases, the KdV and the NLS approaches give more accurate estimates of ISW amplitudes. It is found that the relative errors of ISW amplitudes derived from two theoretical approaches are closely associated with the logarithmic bottom slopes. This may be attributed to the nonlinear growth of ISW amplitudes as propagating along a shoaling thermocline or topography. The test results using three consecutive satellite images to retrieve the ISW propagation speeds indicate that the use of multiple satellite images (>2) may improve the accuracy of retrieved phase speeds. Meanwhile, repeated multi-satellite images of ISWs can help to determine the types of ISWs if mooring data are available nearby.
- internal solitary waves,
- KdV equation,
- NLS equation,
- South China Sea,
- satellite images

FullText(HTML)

References(45)

References

[1]	Agafontsev D S, Dias F, Kuznetsov E A. 2007. Deep-water internal solitary waves near critical density ratio. Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, 225(2): 153–168. doi: 10.1016/j.physd.2006.10.010
[2]	Alford M H, Peacock T, MacKinnon J A, et al. 2015. The formation and fate of internal waves in the South China Sea. Nature, 521(7550): 65–69. doi: 10.1038/nature14399
[3]	Amante C, Eakins B W. 2009. ETOPO1 arc-minute global relief model: procedures, data sources and analysis. In: NOAA Technical Memorandum NESDIS NGDC-24. https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/1163https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/1163[2019-03-05/2020-12-26]
[4]	Chang Ming-Huei, Lien Ren-Chieh, Tang Tswen Yung, et al. 2006. Energy flux of nonlinear internal waves in northern South China Sea. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(3): L03607
[5]	Chen Liang, Zheng Quanan, Xiong Xuejun, et al. 2018. A new type of internal solitary waves with a re-appearance period of 23 h observed in the South China Sea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 37(9): 116–118. doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1252-y
[6]	Chin T M, Vazquez-Cuervo J, Armstrong E M. 2017. A multi-scale high-resolution analysis of global sea surface temperature. Remote Sensing of Environment, 200: 154–169. doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2017.07.029
[7]	Dai Dejun, Wang Wei, Zhang Qinghua, et al. 2011. Eigen solutions of internal waves over subcritical topography. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 30(2): 1–8. doi: 10.1007/s13131-011-0099-2
[8]	Dong Di, Yang Xiaofeng, Li Xiaofeng, et al. 2016. SAR observation of eddy-induced mode-2 internal solitary waves in the South China Sea. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 54(11): 6674–6686. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2016.2587752
[9]	Geng Minghui, Song Haibin, Guan Yongxian, et al. 2019. Analyzing amplitudes of internal solitary waves in the northern South China Sea by use of seismic oceanography data. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 146: 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.dsr.2019.02.005
[10]	Guo Chuncheng, Chen Xueen. 2014. A review of internal solitary wave dynamics in the northern South China Sea. Progress in Oceanography, 121: 7–23. doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2013.04.002
[11]	Helfrich K R, Melville W K. 2006. Long nonlinear internal waves. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 38: 395–425. doi: 10.1146/annurev.fluid.38.050304.092129
[12]	Hsu M K, Liu A K. 2000. Nonlinear internal waves in the South China Sea. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, 26(2): 72–81. doi: 10.1080/07038992.2000.10874757
[13]	Huang Xiaodong, Chen Zhaohui, Zhao Wei, et al. 2016. An extreme internal solitary wave event observed in the northern South China Sea. Scientific Reports, 6(1): 30041. doi: 10.1038/srep30041
[14]	Huang Xiaodong, Zhao Wei. 2014. Information of internal solitary wave extracted from MODIS image: a case in the deep water of northern South China Sea. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 44(7): 19–23
[15]	Jackson C. 2007. Internal wave detection using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 112(C11): C11012. doi: 10.1029/2007JC004220
[16]	Jia Tong, Liang Jianjun, Li Xiaoming, et al. 2019. Retrieval of internal solitary wave amplitude in shallow water by tandem spaceborne SAR. Remote Sensing, 11(14): 1706. doi: 10.3390/rs11141706
[17]	Lee C Y, Beardsley R C. 1974. The generation of long nonlinear internal waves in a weakly stratified shear flow. Journal of Geophysical Research, 79(3): 453–462. doi: 10.1029/JC079i003p00453
[18]	Lellouche J M, Le Galloudec O, Greiner E, et al. 2018. The Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service global ocean 1/12° physical reanalysis GLORYS12V1: description and quality assessment. In: Proceedings of the Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 20. Vienna, Austria: EGU
[19]	Li Xiaoyong, Wang Jing, Sun Meiling, et al. 2013. Internal wave parameter inversion at Malin Shelf edge based on the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 441: 388–392. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.441.388
[20]	Li Xiaofeng, Zhao Zhongxiang, Han Zhen, et al. 2008. Internal solitary waves in the East China Sea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 27(3): 51–59
[21]	Liu Bingqing, Yang Hong, Zhao Zhongxiang, et al. 2014. Internal solitary wave propagation observed by tandem satellites. Geophysical Research Letters, 41(6): 2077–2085. doi: 10.1002/2014GL059281
[22]	O'Driscoll K, Levine M. 2017. Simulations and observation of nonlinear internal waves on the continental shelf: Korteweg-de Vries and extended Korteweg-de Vries solutions. Ocean Science, 13(5): 749–763. doi: 10.5194/os-13-749-2017
[23]	Osborne A R, Burch T L. 1980. Internal solitons in the Andaman Sea. Science, 208(4443): 451–460. doi: 10.1126/science.208.4443.451
[24]	Ostrovsky L A, Stepanyants Y A. 1989. Do internal solitions exist in the ocean. Reviews of Geophysics, 27(3): 293–310. doi: 10.1029/RG027i003p00293
[25]	Pelinovsky D. 1995. Intermediate nonlinear Schrödinger equation for internal waves in a fluid of finite depth. Physics Letters A, 197(5–6): 401–406. doi: 10.1016/0375-9601(94)00991-W
[26]	Ramp S R, Tang Tswen Yung, Duda T F, et al. 2004. Internal solitons in the northeastern South China Sea. Part I: Sources and deep water propagation. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 29(4): 1157–1181. doi: 10.1109/JOE.2004.840839
[27]	Ramp S R, Yang Y J, Bahr F L. 2010. Characterizing the nonlinear internal wave climate in the northeastern South China Sea. Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, 17(5): 481–498. doi: 10.5194/npg-17-481-2010
[28]	Small J, Hallock Z, Pavey G, et al. 1999. Observations of large amplitude internal waves at the Malin Shelf edge during SESAME 1995. Continental Shelf Research, 19(11): 1389–1436. doi: 10.1016/S0278-4343(99)00023-0
[29]	Stanton T P, Ostrovsky L A. 1998. Observations of highly nonlinear internal solitons over the continental shelf. Geophysical Research Letters, 25(14): 2695–2698. doi: 10.1029/98GL01772
[30]	Wang Jing, Guo Kai, Meng Junmin. 2012. Study of the propagation model for large-amplitude internal waves in deep sea. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 39(S2): S214004
[31]	Wang Juan, Huang Weigen, Yang Jingsong, et al. 2013. Study of the propagation direction of the internal waves in the South China Sea using satellite images. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 32(5): 42–50. doi: 10.1007/s13131-013-0312-6
[32]	Xie Jieshuo, He Yinghui, Cai Shuqun. 2019. Bumpy topographic effects on the transbasin evolution of large-amplitude internal solitary wave in the northern South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 124(7): 4677–4695. doi: 10.1029/2018JC014837
[33]	Xie Jieshuo, He Yinghui, Lü Haibin, et al. 2016. Distortion and broadening of internal solitary wavefront in the northeastern South China Sea deep basin. Geophysical Research Letters, 43(14): 7617–7624. doi: 10.1002/2016GL070093
[34]	Xu Zhaoting, Lou Shunli, Tian Jiwei, et al. 1996. NLS equation of internal waves in weakly stratified ocean. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 14(2): 121–127. doi: 10.1007/BF02850368
[35]	Xu Qing, Zheng Quan’an, Lin Hui, et al. 2008. Dynamical analysis of mesoscale eddy—induced ocean internal waves using linear theories. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 27(3): 60–69
[36]	Xue Jingshuang, Graber H C, Lund B, et al. 2013. Amplitudes estimation of large internal solitary waves in the mid-Atlantic bight using synthetic aperture radar and marine X-band radar images. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 51(6): 3250–3258. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2012.2221467
[37]	Yang Jingsong, Huang Weigen, Zhou Chenghu, et al. 2003. The International Society for Optical Engineering. Proceedings of SPIE, 4892: 450–454. doi: 10.1117/12.466772
[38]	Zhang Xudong, Wang Jing, Sun Lina, et al. 2016. Study on the amplitude inversion of internal waves at Wenchang area of the South China Sea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 35(7): 14–19. doi: 10.1007/s13131-016-0902-1
[39]	Zhao Zhongxiang, Klemas V, Zheng Quanan, et al. 2004. Remote sensing evidence for baroclinic tide origin of internal solitary waves in the northeastern South China Sea. Geophysical Research Letters, 31(6): L06302
[40]	Zhao Zhongxiang, Liu Bingqing, Li Xiaofeng. 2014. Internal solitary waves in the China seas observed using satellite remote-sensing techniques: a review and perspectives. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 35(11–12): 3926–3946. doi: 10.1080/01431161.2014.916442
[41]	Zheng Quanan. 2017. Satellite SAR Detection of Sub-Mesoscale Ocean Dynamic Processes. London: World Scientific, 121–178
[42]	Zheng Quanan, Song Y T, Lin Hui, et al. 2008. On generation source sites of internal waves in the Luzon Strait. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 27(3): 38–50
[43]	Zheng Quanan, Susanto R D, Ho C R, et al. 2007. Statistical and dynamical analyses of generation mechanisms of solitary internal waves in the northern South China Sea. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 112(C3): C03021
[44]	Zheng Quanan, Xie Lingling, Xiong Xuejun, et al. 2020. Progress in research of submesoscale processes in the South China Sea. Acta Oceanologica Sinica, 39(1): 1–13. doi: 10.1007/s13131-019-1521-4
[45]	Zheng Quanan, Yuan Yeli, Klemas V, et al. 2001. Theoretical expression for an ocean internal soliton synthetic aperture radar image and determination of the soliton characteristic half width. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 106(C12): 31415–31423. doi: 10.1029/2000JC000726