Beach erosion along the coastline of Alexandria, Egypt

Long-term vacations in beach width of Alexandria Governorate have been analyzed using two sets of aerial photos taken in 1955 and 1983.The analysis reveals that a major part of most beaches has been subjected to coastal erosion except for only beeches.The estimated long-term rate of erosion is approximately 0.20 m/a.
El Maamoura beach, located east of Alexandria,is selected to evaluate seasonal variations.Sand volume losses are found to be 450 m³/(m·a) for the entire beach length (1.2 km).The annual sand transport by wind is estimated as about 37.7 m³.Subtracting this amount of sand from the net sand loss 450 m³/(cm·a) yields 412.3 m³/(cm·a) of eroded sand caused by the action of currents and waves.