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Phylomitogenomics of Malacostraca (Arthropoda: Crustacea)
SHEN Xin, TIAN Mei, YAN Binlun, CHU Kahou
2015, 34(2): 84-92. doi: 10.1007/s13131-015-0583-1
Keywords: Malacostraca, Crustacea, Phylomitogenomics, gene arrangement, mitochondrial genome
Along with the sequencing technology development and continual enthusiasm of researchers on the mitochondrial genomes, the number of metazoan mitochondrial genomes reported has a tremendous growth in the past decades. Phylomitogenomics—reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships based on mitochondrial genomic data—is now possible across large animal groups. Crustaceans in the class Malacostraca display a high diversity of body forms and include large number of ecologically and commercially important species. In this study, comprehensive and systematic analyses of the phylogenetic relationships within Malacostraca were conducted based on 86 mitochondrial genomes available from GenBank. Among 86 malacostracan mitochondrial genomes, 54 species have identical major gene arrangement (excluding tRNAs) to pancrustacean ground pattern, including six species from Stomatopoda, three species from Amphipoda, two krill, seven species from Dendrobranchiata (Decapoda), and 36 species from Pleocyemata (Decapoda). However, the other 32 mitochondrial genomes reported exhibit major gene rearrangements. Phylogenies based on Bayesian analyses of nucleotide sequences of the protein-coding genes produced a robust tree with 100% posterior probability at almost all nodes. The results indicate that Amphipoda and Isopoda cluster together (Edriophthalma) (BPP=100). Phylomitogenomic analyses strong support that Euphausiacea is nested within Decapoda, and closely related to Dendrobranchiata, which is also consistent with the evidence from developmental biology. Yet the taxonomic sampling of mitochondrial genome from Malacostraca is very biased to the order Decapoda, with no complete mitochondrial genomes reported from 11 of the 16 orders. Future researches on sequencing the mitochondrial genomes from a wide variety of malacostracans are necessary to further elucidate the phylogeny of this important group of animals. With the increase in mitochondrial genomes available, phylomitogenomics will emerge as an important component in the Tree of Life researches.
The paranthurid isopod crustacean Paranthura nigropunctata (Lucas, 1846): first record from the Atlantic coast of Morocco
BELATTMANIA Zahira, CHAOUTI Abdellatif, REANI Abdeltif, MACHADO Margarida, ENGELEN Aschwin H, SERRÃO Ester A, SABOUR Brahim
2018, 37(10): 190-194. doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1170-z
Keywords: Paranthura nigropunctata, Crustacea, new report, NE Atlantic, Morocco
The littoral paranthurid isopod crustacean Paranthura nigropunctata (Lucas, 1846) is recorded for the first time from the littoral of El Jadida located on the Atlantic northwest coast of Morocco. Specimens were obtained from the invasive brown seaweed Sargassum muticum and the natives Bifurcaria bifurcata and Cystoseira tamariscifolia in January 2015. This new record further confirms a significant southward distribution of P. nigropunctata and contributes to the knowledge of the biogeography of this isopod. Heretofore, the species was only known from the western and eastern Mediterranean and some Atlantic coasts. The present finding is the first of the species from Moroccan Atlantic shores, and suggests that the species may also be present in other coastal localities from Morocco and Africa. Some data on morphology, ecology and spatial distribution of the species are provided.
Diversity and abundance of mangrove fiddle crabs, genus Uca (Decapoda, Ocypodidae) at a mangrove in Kema, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
RIANTA Pratiwi, ERNAWATI Widyastuti, CHEN Guangcheng, CHEN Shunyang
2018, 37(12): 92-96. doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1336-8
Keywords: Crustacea, genus Uca, species, mangrove, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Mangrove ecosystems are sites with high biodiversity of benthic fauna, and fiddler crabs (genus Uca) are common benthic fauna in mangroves. The North Sulawesi in Indonesia has a good condition of mangrove while the information of the fiddler crabs is still limited. Manual samplings were conducted in wet, dry and transient seasons at a mangrove in Kema, North Sulawesi to investigate the species composition, density and distribution pattern of fiddler crabs. A total of 168 individuals, subjected to eight species of genus Uca crabs were collected at the mangrove, with U. triangularis having the highest abundance and U. annulipes having the lowest abundance. The densities of fiddle crabs were 27.56 ind./m2, 32.89 ind./m2 and 14.22 ind./m2 at the seaward, middle and landward zones, respectively, and the density was higher in dry and wet seasons than in transient season.
First record of three giant marine Bathynomids (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae) from India
Sankar R, Rajkumar M, SUN Jun, Gopalakrishnan A, Vasanthan T M, Ananthan G, Trilles J P
2011(1): 113-117. doi: 10.1007/s13131-011-0097-4
Keywords: giant marine isopods, Bathynomus, first record, India
Three species, Bathynomus decemspinosus, B. doederleini and B. kensleyi (Crustacea, Isopoda, Cirolanidae), are reported for the first time from the Parangipettai coastal waters, Southeast coast of India. Several Trilasmis (Temnaspis) tridens (Cirripedia Thoracica, Lepadomorpha) were attached to the pleopods of some individuals. So, five bathynomid species are currently reported from India.
Occurrence of gonadtropins like substance in the thoracic ganglion mass of the mud crab, Scylla paramamosain(Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)
YE Haihui, HUANG Huiyang, WANG Guizhong, LI Shaojing
2009(5): 76-80.
Keywords: follicle stimulating hormone(FSH), leuteinizing hormone(LH), Scylla paramamosain, thoracic ganglion mass, immunocytochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)
The identification and localization of vertebrate follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in crustaceans may further elucidate the regulation mechanisms in arthropod repro-duction.Using immunocytochemical staining techniques,this study has localized vertebrate FSH-like and LH-like substances in neurons in the subesophageal and thoracic ganglia from the thoracic ganglion mass (TGM) of Scylla paramamosain (Crustacea:Decapoda:Brachyura).Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has shown that the concentrations of both FSH-and LH-like sub-stances increased markedly in the TGM during the vitellogenic stage compared with that in the previtellogenic stage.These results indicate that substances resembling the vertebrate FSH and LH are present in S.paramamosain,and they may be involved in the development of the ovary as well as in ovulation.
The first report of the genus Willenstenhelia (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Miraciidae) from the China seas, with description of a new species
MA Lin, LI Xinzheng
2018, 37(10): 195-201. doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1306-1
Keywords: Crustacea, new species, taxonomy
A new species Willenstenhelia mirabilipes sp. nov. (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Miraciiidae) is described based on specimens collected from the South China Sea. This is also the first report of the genus Willenstenhelia from the China seas. The new species differs from congeners by the combined characters: all somites without spinules on surface except anal somite; third segment of female P4 exopod with two inner setae; female P5 baseoendopodal lobe with four elements and P5 exopod with sharp apical spine; caudal ramus about six times as long as broad.
The genus Neomonoceratina(Crustacea: Ostracoda) from the Cainozoic of the West Pacific margins
Zhao Quanhong, Robin Whatley
1988(4): 562-577.
Fourteen species of Neomonoceratina from the West Pacific margins are considered in the present paper, of which two species and one subspecies are described as new.Lectotypes have been designated for three of Brady's 1868 species (N.bataviana, N.iniqua and N.rhomboidea) and also for two of Kingma's 1948 species (N.macropora and N.microreticulata).The taxonomic confusion within the genus, particularly with respect to N.crispata, N.delicata, N.dongtaiensis, N.iniqua and N.microreticulata, is clarified and the zoogeographical implication of the distribution of the genus is discussed.
Seasonal distribution of Calanus sinicus (Copepoda, Crustacea) in the East China Sea
XU Zhaoli, CHEN Bijuan
2007(3): 150-159.
Keywords: zooplankton, pelagic copepod, Calanus sinicus, East China Sea
On the basis of the four-season investigation in 23°30'~33°N and 118°30'~128°E of the East China Sea from 1997 to 2000,the seasonal distribution of Calanus sinicus was studied with aggregation intensity,regression contribution and other statistical methods.It was inferred that C.sinicus's predominance presented from winter to summer,especially in spring and summer,because its dominance amounted to 0.62 and 0.29 respectively.The percent of its abundance in copepod abundance was 76.71% in summer,greater than 66.60% in spring,greater than 19.02% in winter,greater than 4.02% in autumn.The occurrence frequency in winter and spring was 83.08% and 93.89%,higher than that in summer and autumn,76.71% and 73.87%.Compared with other dominant species of copepods,C.sinicus's contribution to the copepod abundance was obviously greater than that of the other species in winter,summer and spring,but smaller in autumn.C.sinicus tended to have an aggregated distribution.The clumping index peaked in summer (50.19),followed in spring (19.60),declined in autumn (13.18) and was the lowest in winter (3.04).The abundance changed in different seasons and areas,relating to temperature but not salinity in spring and autumn,to salinity but not temperature in summer; to neither temperature nor salinity in winter.In spring and summer,its high abundance area was often located in the mixed water mass formed by the Taiwan Warm Current,the Huanghai Sea Cold Water Mass,the coastal water masses and the Changjiang Dilute Water.In spring and autumn,its abundance was affected by the warm current,as well as the runoff from continental rivers affected it in summer.It can be inferred that C.sinicus was adapted to wide salinity and temperature,as a euryhalinous and eurythermous species in the East China Sea.
Structures of ovary and ovarian follicle in flathead lobster, Thenus orientalis (Lund, 1793) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Scyllarida)
Zhu Dongfa, Li Shaojing, Wang Guizhong
2001(2): 241-249.
Keywords: Thenus orientalis, ovary, follicle, chorion formation
The ovary contains four morphological components:(1) the ovarian wall,(2) the repro-ductive epithelium,(3) the cellular layer containing oocytes,oogonia (especially for early-developing ovary) and follicle cells,and (4) the extensions of the ovarian wall.The ovarian wall and its extensions consist of blood vessels,sinuses,muscle cells and others.The extensions of the ovarian wall project into among the follicles and insert on the thick basal membrane of each follicle.
From inside to outside,the follicles are composed of four parts:(1) the oocyte,(2) the perivitelline space,(3) the follicle cells,and (4) the basal membrane.The surface of the oocyte during vitellogenesis is folded into numerous long microvilli that project into the perivitelline space between the oocyte surface and the bace of the follicle cell layer.In addition,the plasma membrane of the vitellogenic oocyte contains many pinocytotic pits.The perivitelline space is engorged with more electrondenser material as the development of the follicle.The inclusion of perivitelline space in the mature follicle is named specially as the chorion.The chorion is composed of two region,a thinner exochorion and a thicker endochorion containing electron-dense granular material.The follicle cell layer is composed of a single layer of polygonal follicle cells which exhibit higher synthetic activity.The synthetic product of the follicle cell layer is one source for the inclusion of the perivitelline space.
The structures of the ovary and ovarian follicle in T.orientalis show that the exogenously biosynthetic yolk plays important roles in the vitellogenesis.
Phylogenetic relationships of five species of Dorippinae(Crustacea, Decapoda) revealed by 16S rDNA sequence analysis
FAN Yu, LI Xinzheng, SONG Linsheng, CAI Zhonghua
2004(3): 513-519.
Keywords: crab, Dorippinae, Dorippe tenuipes, Heikea japonica, Neodorippe callida, Paradorippe granulata, Paradorippe polita, 16S rDNA, phytogeny, divergence time
A molecular phytogeny is presented for the subfamily Dorippinae(including 9 individuals,representing 5 species and 4 genera),based on the sequence data from 16S rRNA gene.Two-cluster test between lineages in these phylogenetic trees has been performed.On the basis of rate constancy,the rate of nucleotide substitutions of 16S rDNA sequence data is estimated as 0.27% per million years.The analysis strongly supports the recognition of the Dorippinae as a monophyletic subfamily.Phylogenetic tree indicates that the subfamily Dorippinae is divided into two main clades,and genus Dorippe appears basal in the subfamily,diverging from other species 36.6 Ma ago.It is also clear that the Heikea is closely related to the genus Neodorippe.The divergence time between them is 15.8 Ma.
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