盐度是影响三疣梭子蟹人工繁育非常重要的一个环境因素，抗低盐品系的三疣梭子蟹受到水产养殖界的广泛喜爱。分子标记辅助育种可以大大加快良种选育和性状改良的的过程，目前作为第三代的分子标记技术的SNP，广泛应用到三疣梭子蟹耐低盐品系选育过程中。本实验室已有的研究中，通过不同群体分别在盐度11和33下的基因表达差异，构建的比较转录组学数据中总共包含了615条与低渗调节相关的基因片段。为了发掘三疣梭子蟹与低盐适应相关SNP，本研究基于三疣梭子蟹比较转录组学数据研究结果，筛选出低盐调节相关候选基因片段50条，设计引物进行PCR扩增，共得到总长为18511 bp的DNA片段。通过直接测序法在低盐相关片段上发现了85个SNP位点，分布频率为0.46/100 bp，其中转换突变的比例为81%，颠换突变的比例为19%，转换的比例远远大于颠换，符合“transition bias”原理。C/T或G/A突变所占比例为55%；G/T或C/A比例为26%，A/T突变所占比例为12%，G/C突变比例为7%。通过飞行质谱法，在三疣梭子蟹低盐适应性状分离群体中各成功分型了23个SNP位点。通过卡方检验分析发现，8个SNPs与低盐适应显著相关（P<0.05）。其中有三个关联性SNP位点位于表皮蛋白基因上，有三个SNP位点位于三个新基因上，其他两个SNP位点分别位于水通道蛋白和氯离子通道蛋白基因上。这些标记的开发为三疣梭子蟹耐低盐新品种选育方法的建立奠定了良好的基础。

Acanthopagrus latus is an essential aquaculture species on the south coast of China. However, there is a lack of systematic breeding of A. latus, which considerably limits the sustainable development of A. latus. As a result, genetic improvements are urgently needed to breed new strains of A. latus with rapid growth and strong resistance to disease. During selective breeding, it is necessary to estimate the genetic parameters of the target trait, which in turn depends on an accurate disentangled pedigree for the selective population. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the parentage assignment technique for A. latus. In this study, 95 individuals selected from their parents and their 14 families were used as experimental material. SNPs were developed by genome re-sequencing, and highly polymorphic SNPs were screened on the basis of optimized filtering parameters. A total of 14 392 738 SNPs were discovered and 205 SNPs were selected for parentage assignment using the CERVUS software. In the model where the gender of the parents is known, the assignment success rate is 98.61% for the male parent, 97.22% for the female parent, and 95.83% for the parent pair. In the model where the gender of the parents is unknown, the assignment success rate is 100% for a single parent and 90.28% for the parent pair. The results of this study were expected to serve as a reference for the breeding of new varieties of A.latus.

Since 2015, green tides with Ulva prolifera as the dominant species in the Qinhuangdao coastal waters have continued to occur. In this study, the relationship between green tides in Qinhuangdao and the Yellow Sea (setting sites in Rudong and Qingdao) was evaluated by genetic analyses of U. prolifera. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were used to analyze genetic diversity and genetic relationships among groups. Genetic differentiation was lower among floating U. prolifera populations in Rudong and Qingdao than in Qinhuangdao. The floating U. prolifera population had higher genetic diversity and polymorphism levels in Qingdao and Rudong than in Qinhuangdao. Physiological experiments showed that the growth rate and net buoyancy of floating U. prolifera were highest in Qinhuangdao and Qingdao, respectively, under the same environmental conditions (temperature and light). Overall, these findings showed that U. prolifera populations in the Qinhuangdao and Yellow Sea green tides (Rudong and Qingdao) differ significantly at the molecular and physiological levels. Therefore, the Qinhuangdao green tide is not correlated with the Yellow Sea green tide and has a different origin and development mode. This study provides insight into the mechanism underlying green tide blooms in coastal waters of China.

血蓝蛋白是对虾体内的氧运输蛋白,占血浆中蛋白含量的95%以上.研究表明,它参与了许多生理功能,包括蛋白储运,渗透压调节,蜕皮过程以及骨架形成等等.近年来的研究表明,血蓝蛋白还参与了对虾的先天性免疫反应,具有酚氧化酶,抗菌肽、抗病毒等相关生物活性.本研究从凡纳滨对虾中克隆获得了血蓝蛋白L亚基LvHcL,并对其基因组织结构进行了分析.该基因具有丰富的多态性,含有多个SNP位点.研究中发现该基因亚基至少存在4种亚型,其中一种亚型缺失第二个外显子,仅含有2个外显子.对各个亚型的转录水平分析表明,抗病对虾在病毒感染刺激下,各个亚型的转录水平均会被诱导提高.而普通对虾在病毒感染刺激下,各个亚型的转录水平则被抑制.研究结果表明,血蓝蛋白参与了对虾的抗病毒免疫反应.这些结果不仅有助于深入了解对虾血蓝蛋白的免疫学特点,也有助于促进对无脊椎动物抗病毒免疫机制的认识.