R-phycocyarnin (RPC) of Porphyra haitmmsis (T.J.Chang et B.F.Zheng) was chromatographed on Bio-Rex 70 column with urea solution (pH 3.0) as an eluent, and α and β two subunits were isolated.Their molecular weights were determined on SDS-PAGE at 18 400 and 20 500, respectively, while those of a and β subunits of allophycocyanin (APC) at 18 800 and 19 700, respeMively, and those of RPC and APC were at 117 000 and 122 000, respectively.
Both the molar ratio of α and β subunits of RPC and APC were 1:1, and the subunit composition was conf firmed to be(αβ)₃.
It was ascertained that in RPC a subunit contains one chromophore phycocyanobilin (PCB) and β subunit has one chromophore PCB and one phycoerythrobilin (PEB),while in APC both α and β subunits contain one PCB.

Optimal conditions for protoplasts formation of marine Actinomycete sp.isolate M048 were described, dense and disperse mycelia were cultured in SGGP medium, 0.5% glycine, lysozyme exposure (2 mg/cm³, 37℃, 40 min), and the concentration of sucrose in protoplast buffer was 0.4 mol/dm3 for keeping the balance of osmotic pressure.Using PEG-mediated protoplasts transformation, the transformation frequency was 89 transformants per microgramme of pIJ702.Meanwhile, an effective transformation procedure was established based on intergeneric conjugation from E.coli ET12567 (pUZ8002) using shuttle vectors pPM801, pPM803 and a (ψ)C31-derived integration vector pIJ8600 containing ori T and att P fragments.Transformation frequencies were 5.30×10^-4±0.26×10^-4, 8.92×10^-4±0.19×10^-4 and 6.38×10^-5±0.41×10^-5, respectively.Further, the heterologous expression of the allophycocyanin gene (apc) in the strain M048 was used to demonstrate this transformation system.SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis confirmed the expression of recombinant APC (rAPC).

Three Gracilaria species, G. chouae, G. blodgettii, G. vermiculophylla and a close relative species, Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis which is now nominated as Gracilaria lemaneiformis, are the typically indigenous species which are important resources for the production of special proteins, phycobilisomes, special carbohydrates, and agar in China. In this study, de novo transcriptome sequencing on these four species using the next generation sequencing technology was performed for the first time. Functional annotations on assembled sequencing reads showed that the transcriptomic profiles were quite different between G. lemaneiformis and other three Gracilaria species. Comparative analysis of differential gene expression related to carbohydrate and phycobiliprotein metabolisms also showed that the expression profiles of these essential genes were different in four species. The genes encoding allophycocyanin, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin were further examined in four species and their deduced amino acid sequences were used for phylogenetic analysis to confirm that G. lemaneiformis had close relationship to genus Gracilaria, as well as that within genus Gracilaria, G. chouae had closer relationship to G. vermiculophylla rather than to G. blodgettii. The de novo transcriptome study on four species provided a valuable genomic resource for further understanding and analysis on biological and evolutionary study among marine algae.