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热带西太平洋砂壳纤毛虫的多样性
李海波, 张武昌, 赵苑, 赵丽, 董逸, 王超锋, 梁晨, 肖天
2018, 37(10): 218-228. doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1148-x
关键词: tintinnid, diversity, redundantspecies, tropicalWestPacificOcean
为了探明热带西太平洋海区砂壳纤毛虫的多样性、垂直分布及纬向变化,我们于2012年11-12月在该海区四个断面采集了0-200 m的水样。共检出砂壳纤毛虫39属124种,多数种类喜好生活在表层和次表层。砂壳纤毛虫种丰富度、丰度以及多样性指数的高值主要出现在比叶绿素浓度最大值稍浅的位置,与温度和叶绿素浓度显著正相关,与盐度和采样深度显著负相关。多数优势种与环境因子间的相关性不显著。热带西太平洋海区砂壳纤毛虫多样性极高,各站种丰富度在25-52之间。在从表层至75 m处的多数采样点香农指数均大于3。该海区砂壳纤毛虫冗余种的比例很高,占砂壳纤毛虫总种类数的87.90%,贡献了砂壳纤毛虫60.38%的丰度,表明热带西太平洋海区砂壳纤毛虫群落对饵料组成和摄食压力改变的应对能力很强,稳定性很高。
Species composition and diversity of Euphausiacea in the East China Sea
XUZhaoli, LIChunju
2005(4): 98-106.
关键词: zooplankton, Euphausiacea, diversity, speciescomposition, EastChinaSea
Based on the data of four seasonal oceanographic censuses in the East China Sea(23°30'~33°00'N,118°30'~128°00'E) in 1997~2000,the species composition and the diversity of Euphausiacea were discussed as well as their relations with environmental variables.Results showed that there were totally 23 different species of Euphausiacea,in which 16 occurred in spring and autumn respectively; 15 were present in summer and only 10 were observed in winter.According to the calculated alternation fraction(R),the species composition showed a clear seasonal alternation with the changes ofseasons.Moreover,the environmental variables had different impacts on the distribution of Euphausiacea in different seasons.The distribution in summer was not significantly related to water temperature and salinity.However,the surface salinity was a major determinant of the distribution in spring.In autumn,both surface and bottom temperatures were influencing factors.The distribution in winter depended on salinity at the surface and 10 m depth as well as the temperature at 10 m depth.Regarding to the seasonal variation of species composition,the variations in spring,summer and autumn were not so significant as those in winter.Except in summer,the species number changed with synchronous water temperature and salinity,as a result of the presence of warm currents in the East China Sea and the habitability of the dominant species.Since Euphausiacea tend to agglomerate,the distribution of different species was uneven,which was the major reason for the low diversity of Euphausiacea in the East China Sea.
印尼混合海草床大型底栖生物丰度和多样性生态研究
林俊辉, 黄雅琴, ARBIUcuYanu, 林和山, AZKABMuhammadHusni, 王建军, 何雪宝, 牟剑锋, 刘坤, 张舒怡
2018, 37(6): 82-89. doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1181-9
关键词: 大型底栖生物, 多样性, 丰度, 群落结构, 海草床, 北苏拉威西省
海草床是海岸带最富生产力的生态系统之一,支撑着各种各样的伴生生物。热带的印度和太平洋地区被认为拥有海草植物种类多样性最高,且分布面积最广,然而,这个区域的海草床大型底栖生物我们知之甚少。为了填补认知的空白,我们在该区域开展了一项生态调查,旨在描述该区热带海草床大型底栖生物的丰度和多样性,以及确定大型底栖生物丰度、物种丰富度和群落结构是否明显存在断面内的站间变化和样地间变化。2014年5月和2015年10月我们分别在北苏拉威西省东海岸和西海岸开展野外工作,使用柱状取样器采集海草床大型底栖生物样品。所得样品共计鉴定14大类149种底栖生物,种类最为丰富的类别为多毛类(56种,占26%的总个体数),十足类(20种,占9%的总个体数)和端足类(18种,占35%的总个体数)。东、西海岸海草床大型底栖生物表现出不同的空间分布模式。在东海岸,同一断面的大型底栖生物和端足类的丰度存在显著的站间差异;而在西海岸,大型底栖生物和多毛类的种类丰富度和丰度都表现出明显的站间变化,这可能归结于同一断面底质不均所造成。单因素ANOSIM以及MDS排序表明了北苏拉威西省东海岸和西海岸海草床大型底栖生物群落结构存在显著不同,正好对应于将海草床分成两大类型的栖息地,即西海岸的红树林-海草床-珊瑚连续体和东海岸的海草床-珊瑚连续体。与在热带海区开展的其他研究相比,本研究的大型底栖生物丰度和多样性处于中等水平。东、西海岸海草床大型底栖生物群落存在显著区别,其原因可能源于多方面,包括了沉积物模式,海草床结构和时间变化。
2020, 39(4): 110-119. doi: 10.1007/s13131-020-1585-1  刊出日期:2020-04-25
Most of reported harmful algal blooms (HABs) of microalgae (75%) have been caused by dinoflagellates. Studies on the negative effects of HABs have generally focused on animals, valuable organisms in particular, and environmental factors such as dissolved oxygen and nutrients, but relatively fewer on community level, particularly that using metagenomic approach. In this study, we reported an investigation on the effects of a HAB caused by the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense on the species diversity and community structure of the dinoflagellate sub-community via a pyrosequencing approach for the samples taken before, during, and after the bloom season of P. donghaiense in the East China Sea. We sequenced partial 28S rRNA gene of dinoflagellates for the field samples and evaluated the species richness and diversity indices of the dinoflagellate community, as a sub-community of the total phytoplankton. We obtained 800 185 valid sequences (categorized into 560 operational taxonomic units, OTUs) of dinoflagellates from 50 samples and found that the biodiversity of dinoflagellate community was significantly reduced during the blooming period in comparison to that in pre- and after-blooming periods, as reflected in the four diversity indices: the species richness expressed as the number of OTUs, Chao1 index, Shannon index (evenness), and Gini-Simpson index. These four indices were all found to be negatively correlated to the cell density of the bloom species P. donghaiense. Correlation analyses also revealed that the P. donghaiense cell abundance was correlated negatively with ${\rm{NO}}_3^- $-N, and ${\rm{NO}}_2^- $-N, but positively with total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) showed that the community structure of dinoflagellates was markedly different among the different sampling periods, while the redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed P. donghaiense abundance, salinity, ${\rm{NO}}_3^- $-N, and ${\rm{SiO}}_3^{2-} $ were the most four significant factors shaping the dinoflagellate community structure. Our results together demonstrated that HABs caused by the dinoflagellate P. donghaiense could strongly impact the aquatic ecosystem on the sub-community level which the blooming species belongs to.
Species composition,diversity and density of plagic Ostracoda in the East China Sea
XUZhaoli, GUXiaolian, ZHANGFengying
2007(5): 96-106.
关键词: EastChinaSea, Ostracoda, zooplankton, distribution, diversity
On the basis of seasonal investigations at 23°30'~33°00'N, 118°30'~128°00'E of the East China Sea during 1997~2000, dynamics on the density and diversity of Ostracoda was discussed.Results showed that totally 26 species were identified.The Ostracoda diversity was opposite to the change of its density in most seasons which reflected an uneven assignment of Ostracoda density among its different species.The Ostracoda density was 0.70 ind./m3 in spring, 1.72 ind./m3 in summer, 2.57 ind./m3 in autumn and 0.90 ind./m3 in winter.Euconchoecia chierchiae in spring and winter, Euconchoecia maimai in summer and Cypridina dentata in autumn were main dominant species in each season.The Ostracoda density did not show an obvious linear relationship with the hydrologic factors in summer and autumn, but was related to the surface salinity in spring and the surface temperature in winter.Its high density areas mainly distributed in the north offshore in all the seasons while in the south offshore in winter and in spring, and the south nearshore in summer and autumn, implied the zooplankton was a typical warm water animal, whose high density distribution in autumn were located in a similar position to Todarodes pacificus, Navodon Septentrionalis, Scomber japonicus and other fishes in the sea, so as to be an important indicator for fishing ground.The main species dominating in Ostracoda now are different from the species twenty years ago probably attributes to global warming.
南、北极近岸海水中好氧不产氧光合基因pufM的多样性
曾胤新, 董培艳, 乔宗赟, 郑天凌
2016, 35(6): 68-77. doi: 10.1007/s13131-016-0877-y
关键词: 多样性, 好氧不产氧光合细菌, pufM, 北极, 南极
好氧不产氧光合(AAP)细菌因其具有利用溶解性有机物及光能的能力,在海洋碳循环及能量流动中发挥着重要的作用。该类细菌广泛分布在海洋环境中,其在不同生境中的多样性已被调查。但到目前为止,人们对于高纬度地区好氧不产氧光合细菌的认识还较为缺乏。有鉴于此,本研究基于编码光反应复合物上一个色素结合蛋白亚基的pufM基因,对北极王湾及南极乔治王岛近岸水体中夏季好氧不产氧光合细菌的多样性进行了检测。针对2个王湾站位和2个南极麦克斯维尔湾站位构建了4个pufM基因克隆文库,获得674个阳性克隆子。北极克隆子全部由α-变形细菌组成,而南极克隆子则包括α-变形细菌及β-变形细菌。来源于类似红细菌科的pufM基因在所有样品中皆占据优势。此外,与一株滴状亚硫酸盐杆菌中质粒编码的pufM基因存在亲缘关系的序列,在南、北极样品中均占优势。结果表明海洋环境中的pufM基因存在跨极甚至是环球分布。与此同时,南、北极序列之间的差异,也表明了极地地方种的存在。这些结果显示,作为好氧不产氧光合细菌的红细菌科在两极的近岸水体中具有重要的地位。
黄渤海底栖纤毛虫分子多样性和生物地理学研究
李桂豪, 苏蕾, 张倩倩, 张晓黎, 龚骏
2019, 38(2): 78-86. doi: 10.1007/s13131-018-1236-y
关键词: 18S核糖体RNA基因, 底栖纤毛虫, 多样性, 生物地理学, 深度衰减关系
对中国渤海、北黄海和南黄海三个海域底栖纤毛虫的分子多样性与生物地理学进行了研究。从底栖真核微生物18S rDNA的焦磷酸测序数据中提取出隶属于纤毛门的序列,并在此基础上分析了纤毛虫群落的阿尔法多样性和贝塔多样性。结果表明,纤毛虫操作分类单元的丰富度在渤海比北黄海和南黄海都高,但夏冬两季无显著差异。在所有检测的环境因子中,水体深度与阿尔法多样性的相关性最强。就纤毛虫群落组成上看,总体上旋唇纲的序列及操作分类单元丰富度均占优势地位(占比分别为77.0%和66.5%);旋唇纲主要由环毛亚纲以及未能进一步分类的类群组成。底栖纤毛虫群落结构在三个海域之间显著不同,但夏冬两季无显著差异。从各主要类群的相对比例来看,唯有侧口纲的序列比例在三个区域间呈现显著的不同。偏门特尔分析表明,相对于地理距离和环境因子而言,水体深度在调控底栖纤毛虫群落结构中扮演者更为重要的角色。本研究同时也发现,超过60%的操作分类单元未能被进一步分类到纲或目级水平,约45%的操作分类单元与GenBank数据库中已描述种类的序列相似度低于或等于97%,表明在近海沉积物中可能存在大量待发现的纤毛虫类群或物种。本研究发现底栖纤毛虫阿尔法多样性从北黄海到南黄海降低的趋势,这一点与之前基于形态学方法的调查结果相似。然而,测序数据显示旋唇纲是最主要类群,而形态学调查表明前口纲和核残迹纲是主要类群。本文也探讨了可能造成分子与形态学研究结果差异的一些潜在原因。
Seasonal variations of phytoplankton diversity in the Coleroon coastal waters, southeast coast of India
ThillaiRajasekarK, RajkumarM, SUNJun, AshokPrabuV, PerumalP
2010, 29(5): 97-108. doi: 10.1007/s13131-010-0068-1
关键词: physico-chemicalparameters, phytoplankton, speciescomposition, abundance, diversity, Colerooncoastalwaters
The results of an investigation carried out during June 2005 to May 2007 on physico-chemical parameters, species composition and community structure of phytoplankton including Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) at the Coleroon coastal waters (Southeast coast of India) are reported. Air and surface water temperatures (℃) varied from 25.1 to 30.1 and from 24.5 to 28.5 respectively. Salinity values varied from 6 to 28.5 and the pH ranged between 7.0 and 8.3. Variation in dissolved oxygen content was from 3.1 to 7.5 mg/dm3 while the light extinction coefficient values (LEC) ranged between 3.1 and 10.1 cm. The ranges of inorganic nutrients (μmol/dm3) viz., nitrate, nitrite, phosphate and silicate were 10.1-23.4, 1.2-8.9, 0.2-3.1 and 55-125, respectively. The ranges of Chlorophyll a (μg/dm3) values was 2.0-7.5. Presently, 124 phytoplankton species representing different classes viz:Bacillariophyceae (77), Dinophyceae (19), Cyanophyceae (15), Chlorophyceae (10) and Chrysophyceae (3) were recorded. The phytoplankton cell abundance varied from 0.290 to 111.662 cells/cm3, with peak diversity (3.38 bits/ind.) during summer season. The maximum abundance was found during summer season coinciding with the stable hydrographical conditions. The seasonal distribution and abundance of phytoplankton are discussed in relation to hydrographical parameters. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was applied in this paper for discriminating environmental factors having effect on phytoplankton community at species level. Coleroon coastal water is subjected to long term fluctuations in physico-chemical parameters depending upon the seasonal tidal amplitude and freshwater influx resulting in a continuous exchange of organic, inorganic, plant and animal matters.
Phylogenetic diversity of planktonic bacteria in the Chukchi Borderland region in summer
ZENGYinxin, YUYong, LIHuirong, HEJianfeng, LEESangH, SUNKun
2013, 32(6): 66-74. doi: 10.1007/s13131-013-0271-y
关键词: diversity, planktonicbacteria, 16SrRNAgeneclonelibrary, ChukchiBorderland
Planktonic bacteria are abundant in the Chukchi Borderland region. However, little is known about their diversity and the roles of various bacteria in the ocean. Seawater samples were collected from two stations K2S and K4S where sea ice was melting obviously. The analysis of water samples with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) showed that DMSP-degrading bacteria accounted for 13% of the total bacteria at the station K2S. No aerobic anoxygenic phototrophic (AAP) bacteria were detected in both samples. The bacterial communities were characterized by two 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Sequences fell into four major lineages of the domain Bacteria, including Proteobacteria (Alpha, Beta and Gamma subclasses), Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. No significant difference was found between the two clone libraries. SAR11 and Rhodobacteraceae clades of Alphaproteobacteria and Pseudoalteromonas of Gammaproteobacteria constituted three dominant fractions in the clone libraries. A total of 191 heterotrophic bacterial strains were isolated and 76% showed extracellular proteolytic activity. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the isolates fell into Gammaproteobacteria,Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes. The most common genus in both the bacterial isolates and protease-producing bacteria was Pseudoalteromonas. UniFrac data showed suggestive differences in bacterial communities between the Chukchi Borderland and the northern Bering Sea.
doi: 10.1007/s13131-020-1589-x
Protease-producing bacteria play key roles in the degradation of organic nitrogen materials in marine sediments. However, their diversity, production of proteases and other extracellular enzymes, even in situ ecological functions remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the diversity of cultivable extracellular protease-producing bacteria in the sediments of the Bohai Bay. A total of 109 bacterial isolates were obtained from the sediments of 7 stations. The abundance of cultivable protease-producing bacteria was about 104 CFU/g of sediment in all the samples. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences classified all the isolates into 14 genera from phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria, with Pseudoalteromonas (63/109, 57.8%), Bacillus (9/109, 8.2%), Sulfitobacter (8/109, 7.3%) and Salegentibacter (6/109, 5.5%) as the dominant taxa. Enzymatic inhibition tests indicated that all the tested isolates produced serine and/or metalloprotease, with only a small proportion producing cysteine and/or aspartic proteases. Several extracellular enzyme activities, including alginase, lipase, amylase and cellulose, and nitrate reduction were also detected for strains with higher protease activities. According the results, the protease-producing bacteria could also be participate in many biogeochemical processes in marine sediments. Our study broadened understanding and knowledge on the potential ecological functions of protease-producing bacteria in marine sediments.
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