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Influence of water logging time on the growth of Kandelia candel seedlings
CHEN Luzhen, WANG Wenqing, LIN Peng
2004(1): 149-158.
Keywords: K. candel, growth, optimal waterlogging time, critical waterlogging time
Influence of waterlogging time on the growth of Kandelia candel(L.) Druce seedlings grown for 70 d in the artificial-tidal tanks' simulated semidiumal tide under greenhouse is studied. Sand and soil act as the substrate and artificial sea-water with salinity of 15 is used in cultivation. Shorter waterlogging time (inundated for about 2~4 h) promotes thegrowth of K. candel seedlings, while longer time(inundated more than 8 h) or no waterlogging(0 h) inhibits theirgrowth. The number and length of aerating roots increase with the increase ofwaterlogging time. Under existing conditions, the optimal waterlogging time for the growth of K. candel seedlings is about 2~4 h in every tide cycle. Compared with other treatments, the 2 h sanded treatments obtain the highest biomass of seedlings, have the lowest massloss of hypocotyl and broaden the photosynthetic area by increasing the area per leaf after 70-d cultivation. And the soiltreatments have the similar tendeney. However, waterlogging for 8 h in every tide cycle is critieal for normal development of seedlings. K. candel seedlings are highly tolerant to waterlogging and a proper waterlogging is beneficial to thegrowth of K. candel seedlings.
Cloning and characterization of proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene of Alexandrium catenella (Dinoflagellate) with respect to cell growth
HUANG Jian, LIANG Shan, SUI Zhenghong, MAO Yunxiang, GUO Hao
2010(3): 90-96. doi: 10.1007/s13131-010-0040-0
Keywords: Alexandrium catenella, gene, growth, harmful algal blooms, proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have been affecting negatively the shellfish and aquaculture industries around the world. Though a lot of efforts have been made to disclose the changes of environmental factors involved and their effects on the HABs events, the molecular mechanism of this process remains unclear. To address this problem, proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene (pcna) was isolated and characterized from Alexandrium catenella. It showed high homology to those of other dinoflagellates (89% and 91% homology to Pfiesteria piscicid and Pyrocystis lunula, respectively), and also 42%-43% homology to those of plant and animals. The expression level of pcna revealed by quantitative real time PCR was the lowest at the late lagging cell growth phase, increased to the highest at the late exponential phase, and then decreased at the stationary phase. Though the cell growth rate was also changing, no positive correlation between pcna expression level and cell growth rate was displayed throughout the whole cell growth stages (r2=0.024 6). However, the pcna expression level had the similar trend with the change of cell growth rate throughout the whole growing process, e.g., from increasing at the earlier cell growth stage to decreasing at the following stages, though slightly lagging to the latter.
Effects of temperature and organic and inorganic nutrients on the growth of Chattonella marina (Raphidophyceae) from the Daya Bay, South China Sea
WANG Zhaohui, YUAN Meiling, LIANG Yu, LU Songhui
2011(3): 124-131. doi: 10.1007/s13131-011-0127-2
Keywords: Chattonella marina, growth, inorganic and organic nutrients, salinity, temperature
The effects of temperature and different forms of nutrients on Chattonella marina growth have been investigated in strains isolated from the Daya Bay, the South China Sea. The strain of C. marina preferred high temperatures, with an optimal temperature of 25℃, and 18℃ was the minimum for its survival. Higher cell number and growth rate were obtained in high nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations (500 μg/L, 74 μg/L) than under nutrient limitation. Nitrogen influenced the growth most, as the specific growth rate and maximum cell density were lower in nitrogenlimited cultures than noted under phosphorus limitation or under limitation from both. C. marina was capable of using many kinds of organic nitrogen sources including L-serine (L-Ser), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala), L-threonine (L-Thr), glutamic acid (Glu) and urea, but could not utilize uric acid. Various forms of organic phosphorus compound such as glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), sodium glycerophosphate (GYP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), cytidine monophosphate (CMP), guanosine monophosphate (GMP), uridine monophosphate (UMP), 4-nitrophenylphosphate (NPP) and triethyl phosphate (TEP) supported the growth as well. Algal cells had the ability to sustain growth under nitrogen-and/or phosphorus-free conditions particularly under phosphorus depleted condition. These results led to the hypothesis that high loading of nitrogen has played an important role in frequent C. marina blooms in the past decade, and its capability for utilization of diverse forms of organic nutrients and growth in low nutrient conditions make this species a likely recurrent dominant in the Daya Bay phytoplankton assemblages, visible as more frequent blooms.
Comparison of growth and nutrient uptake capacities of three dominant species of Qinhuangdao green tides
Hongbin Han, Ruobing Wen, Hui Wang, Sheng Zhao
2023, 42(4): 114-123. doi: 10.1007/s13131-022-2100-7  Published:2023-04-25
Keywords: growth, nutrient uptake, dominant specie, green tide, Qinhuangdao
Since 2015, green tides have been blooming in offshore waters of Qinhuangdao, with serious impacts on the local ecological environment and tourism. Ulva australis, Bryopsis plumosa, and U. prolifera are the dominant species of Qinhuangdao green tides, following a sequential succession pattern. Ulva prolifera is the dominant species, with the highest biomass and the greatest influence on the local ecological environment. To study the reason of green tide dominant species succession and U. profilera became the dominant species with the largest biomass, we compared and analyzed the growth and nutrient uptake capacity of the three algae. The results showed that temperature significantly affects the growth of the three species. Within the temperature range of the experimental setup, the optimum temperature for the growth of U. australis, B. plumosa andU. profilera is 10℃, 15℃, and 20–25℃, respectively. Combined with the temperature variation trend during green tide bloom development, we believe that temperature is the key environmental factor for the succession of the dominant species. Ulva prolifera has a higher growth rate than U. australisand B. plumosa under the same nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate levels. Significant differences in the maximum absorption rate (Rmax) and Rmax/Ks (the relationship between uptake rate and substrate concentration) values indicated that U. prolifera had an apparent competitive advantage over U. australis and B. plumosa regarding nutrient uptake. Therefore, the strong growth and nutrient uptake capacities of U. prolifera might be the main reason for becoming the dominant species with the largest biomass in Qinhuangdao green tides.
Effects of rising temperature on growth and energy budget of juvenile Eogammarus possjeticus (Amphipoda: Anisogammaridae)
Suyan Xue, Yuze Mao, Jiaqi Li, Jianguang Fang, Fazhen Zhao
2021, 40(9): 82-89. doi: 10.1007/s13131-021-1863-6  Published:2021-09-30
Keywords: Eogammarus possjeticus, rising temperature, growth, respiratory metabolism, energy budget
Growth and energy budget of marine amphipod juvenile Eogammarus possjeticus at different temperatures (20°C, 24°C, 26°C, 28°C, 30°C, 32°C and 34°C) were investigated in this study. The results showed that the cumulative mortality rate increased significantly with rising temperature (p<0.01), and exceeded 50% after 24 h when temperature was above 30°C. With the temperature increasing from 20°C to 26°C, the ingestion rate and absorption rate increased, but decreased significantly above 28°C (p<0.01), indicating a decline in feeding ability at high temperatures. The specific growth rate increased with rising temperature, but decreased significantly (p<0.01) after reaching the maximum value at 24°C. Similarly, the oxygen consumption and ammonia emission rates also showed a trend of first increase and then decrease. However, the O:N ratio decreased first and then increased with rising temperature, indicating that the energy demand of E. possjeticus juvenile transferred from metabolism of carbohydrate and lipid to protein. In the energy distribution of amphipods, the proportion of each energy is different. With rising temperature, the ratio of the energy deposited for growth accounted for ingested gross energy showing a trend of decrease, while the energy lost to respiration, ammonia excretion, and feces accounted for ingested gross energy being showed a trend of increase. It seemed that rising temperature increased the metabolism and energy consumption of the amphipods and, meanwhile, decreased the energy used for growth, which may be an important reason for the slow growth and small body size of the amphipods during the summer high-temperature period.
Effects of effective population size on the F2 growth and survival of bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians(Lamarck)
ZHANG Haibin, LIU Xiao, ZHANG Guofan, ZHANG Guizhen
2005(4): 114-120.
Keywords: Argopecten irradians irradians, effective population size, inbreeding depression, growth, survival
In 2002,six cohorts ofbroodstock bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians(Ne=l,2,10,30,50 and control) were randomly chosen from a population of bay scallop to produce offspring.After one year rearing,with the progeny matured,the similar experiment was done to produce the F2 generation.To determine the magnitude of Ne effects,the growth and survival rates in larvae and adult of six F2 groups were compared.Results showed that inbreeding depression existed not only in the Ne=1 group but also in the Ne=2 group.The growth and survival rates of the two groups were significantly lower than those of the other groups(Ne=10,30,50,control),and there were no significant differences among the latter(P>0.05).At the same time,the amount of depression in the Ne=l group was significantly higher than that of the Ne=2 group(P<0.05).These results indicated that the low effective population size(Ne),which increases the possibility of inbreeding,could lead to some harmful effects on the offspring.So it is essential to maintain a high level of Ne in commercial seed production.Furthermore,as the high fecundity of bay scallop might lead to increased inbreeding,selecting broodstock from different growout sites is recommended.
Effects of salinity fluctuation in different ranges on the intermolt period and growth of juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis
MU Yingchun, WANG Fang, DONG Shuanglin, DONG Shaoshuai, ZHU Changbo
2005(3): 141-147.
Keywords: Fenneropenaeus chinensis, salinity fluctuation, intermolt period, growth
Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of salinity fluctuation on the intermolt period and growth of Fenneropenaeus chinensis with an initial body weight of (0.553 2±0.000 1)g (mean plus or minus SE). The salinity (S0) of the control treatment is 30throughout the experiment, while the treatments S2, S4, S7 and S10 are subjected to different salinity fluctuations, and the ranges are 2, 4,7 and 10, respectively. After a 30-day feeding trial, the longest and the shortest intermolt periods of the shrimp occur under Treatments S10 and S2, respectively (difference 37.14%). The special growth rates (SGR) of the shrimp under the five treatments are ranked as S7 > S4 > S2 > S10 > S0, and the SGR of the shrimp under Treatment S0 is lower than that under Treatments S4 and S7 by 22.36% and 28.11%,respectively (P<0.05). The minimal feed intake (FI) of the experimental animals occurs in Treatment S0 (84.04% and 88.54% of that under Treatments S4 and S7, respectively) (P<0.05). There are no significant differences in the food conversion efficiency (FCE) of the shrimp under the five treatments (P>0.05)
Growth performance and physiological parameters of the second generation selected and control groups of Pinctada martensii
DENG Yuewen, YU Ziniu, DU Xiaodong, WANG Qingheng, FU Shao
2011(2): 120-125. doi: 10.1007/s13131-011-0112-9
Keywords: Pinctada martensii, the second generation selected group, growth, genetic gains, physiological parameters
In May of 2007, the second generation selected (SS) and control (SC) groups of pearl oyster Pinctada martensii were established by selecting 10% breeders with the largest and mean shell length, respectively, from the first generation selected group. Growth performance of the SS and SC groups were compared on the basis of measurement data at Days 8, 18, 60, 95, 195 and 365. On Day 365, 100 individuals (60.0-75.0 mm at shell length) were sampled from each group and then subjected to the experiment where physiological parameters such as filtrate rate, oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion were measured at 15, 20, 25 and 30 ℃. The results show that the SS group had significantly larger mean shell length and shell height than the SC group at Days 8, 18, 60, 95, 195 and 365 (P <0.05). The genetic gains at different ages varied from 6.0% to 17.0% for shell length and 5.7% to 14.6% for shell height, respectively. At 15, 20, 25 and 30 ℃, the SS groups had significantly larger filtrate rate than the SC group (P <0.05). At 15 and 25 ℃, the differences in oxygen consumption rate between the SS and SC groups were not significant (P >0.05). At 20 and 30 ℃, however, the oxygen consumption rate of the SS group was significantly larger than the SC group (P <0.05). At 15, 20, 25 and 30 ℃, there were no significant differences in am- monia excretion rate between the SS and SC groups (P >0.05). The present results indicate that there existed considerable genetic variability in the base population and a further selection could be likely fruitful. Mass selection for faster growth might produce animals that had higher intake of metabolizable energy by virtue of faster filtrating behavior.
Altered seawater salinity levels affected growth and photosynthesis of Ulva fasciata (Ulvales, Chlorophyta) germlings
CHEN Binbin, ZOU Dinghui
2015, 34(8): 108-113. doi: 10.1007/s13131-015-0654-3
Keywords: salinity stress, Ulva fasciata, germlings, photosynthesis, growth, malondialdehyde
Seawater salinity is greatly influenced by tide, evaporation and rain falls. In this study, we investigated the growth and photosynthetic responses of zygote-derived Ulva fasciata Delile germlings to short-term (minutes) and prolonged (days) exposure to different salinity gradients, to evaluate the effect of salinity variation on the early stage of life history in this seaweed. The results showed that, the maximum net photosynthetic rates (NPRm) of U. fasciata germlings was observably decreased in desalted (25 and 15) and high (45) salinity seawater in short-term exposure tests (in minutes). However, after 30 min, the photosynthesis activity in medium salinity (25) was maintained at a relative high level (above 70%). After 8 d prolonged culture, the photosynthesis and mean relative growth rate (RGR) of germlings were all markedly lowered, whereas the malondialdehyde (MDA) contents increased as the salinity desalted from 34 to 15. The salinity decrease from 34 to 25 had no significant effect on the RGR, but obviously influenced the morphology of the germlings. High salinity level (45) significantly depressed the RGR and photosynthesis of U. fasciata germlings, while it notably increased the MDA contents. The results showed that the salinity elevation had more detrimental effects on Ulva fasciata germlings than salinity decrease did. The germlings grown at the salinity seawater levels from 25 to 34, performed preferable photosynthetic acclimation both in temporary and prolonged culture. Broad salinity tolerance from 25 to 34 in U. fasciata germlings may have partly evolved as a response to regular diurnal tides.
Genetic parameter estimation for juvenile growth and upper thermal tolerance in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus)
ZHANG Tianshi, KONG Jie, LIU Baosuo, WANG Qingyin, CAO Baoxiang, LUAN Sheng, WANG Weiji
2014, 33(8): 106-110. doi: 10.1007/s13131-014-0460-3
Keywords: Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus, growth, upper thermal tolerance, genetic parameter
Twenty-six half-sib groups (53 full-sib families) of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus Linnaeus, were obtained by artificial insemination. We measured growth in the offspring (40-50 individuals/family) and subjected them to a thermal tolerance challenge over a period of 34 d. There was no significant difference in daily mortality (range: 0.580%-1.391%) between Days 1-13 during the thermal tolerance challenge. However, daily cumulative mortality increased rapidly between Days 14 and 29, especially on Days 15 and 16 (20.232% and 34.377%, respectively). Mortality was highest on Day 16 (14.145%). We estimated the genetic parameters using the average information restricted maximum likelihood method. We used a likelihood ratio test to evaluate the significance of effects in models with and without identity as an effect, and compared the final log-likelihoods (maximum log L). Lastly, we estimated phenotypic and genetic correlation between the upper thermal tolerance limit (UTT) and body weight (BW). In this study, the positive phenotypic correlation was low between UTT and BW (0.093±0.029). The genetic correlation between UTT and BW was negative (-0.044±0.239). The heritability for upper thermal tolerance was low (0.087±0.032), which is of approximately moderate heritability. The heritability for body weight was high (0.303±0.074). Our results suggest there is significant potential for improvement in the culture of turbot by selective breeding.
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