2009(2): 14-22.
Three warm currents, the Kuroshio, its shelf intrusion branch in the northeast of Taiwan and the Taiwan Warm Current (hereafter TWC), dominate the circulation pattern in the East China Sea (hereafter ECS). Their origination, routes and variation in winter and summer are studied. Their relationship with four major high and low temperature centers is analyzed. Differing from the previous opinion, we suggest that the four major centers are generated to a great extent by the interaction of the currents in the ECS. In summer, a cold water belt in the northeast of Taiwan is preserved from winter between the Kuroshio and the TWC. The shelf intrusion branch of the Kuroshio separates the water belt, and two low temperature centers generate in the northeast of Taiwan. In the southern ECS, the TWC transports more heat flux northward to form a warm pool. But it is separated in the lower layer by the cold water driven by the intrusion branch of the Kuroshio. So the TWC and the intrusion branch of the Kuroshio play a dominating role to generate the high temperature center. The interaction among the eastward TWC, the northward Tsushima Warm Current (hereafter TSWC) and the southward Su Bei Coastal Flow (hereafter SBCF) generates the low temperature center in the northern ECS. In winter, the strengthening of the shelf intrusion branch of the Kuroshio obscures the two low temperature centers in the northeast of Taiwan. For the weakening of the TWC, the high temperature center in the southern ECS vanishes, and the low temperature center in the northern ECS shifts to south.
2016, 35(10): 114-121.
doi: 10.1007/s13131-016-0891-0
2007年以来,黄海连年爆发大规模浒苔绿潮,南黄海沿岸养殖筏架上的附生绿藻被认为是漂浮绿藻的主要来源之一。本研究对脱离筏架的浒苔样品进行室内培养实验,研究不同温度、盐度和光照条件下,其生长率和光合作用的变化,从而探讨浒苔脱离原附着基后适应不同环境的生理机制。结果显示,浒苔在14–27°C和26–32盐度范围内生长率和光合作用效率明显较高,最适温度和盐度为23°C和32,低温(<14°C)、高温(40°C)以及低盐(8)环境都不利于浒苔光合作用。与其他石莼属绿藻相比,浒苔对强光照具有较高的耐受性,其藻体复杂的分支结构,可能起一定的保护作用。温度对浒苔生长率的影响明显高于盐度的影响。总体而言,浒苔在5–32°C的温度范围和14–32的盐度范围内都能保持生长,而每年春季黄海南部的环境条件比较适宜脱落浒苔的快速生长。浒苔的内在生理特征与黄海南部适宜的环境条件相耦合,成为黄海浒苔绿潮爆发的原因之一。
1999(2): 237-246.
关键词:
Temperature ,
salinity ,
distributionalfeature ,
latesummer ,
southernTaiwanStraitanditsadjacentareas
Based on the CTD data obtained in the southern Taiwan Strait and its adjacent areas in August and September of 1994, the distributional features of the temperature and salinity in the studied area have been analyzed in detail.The results are as follows:(1) There are two low temperature and high salinity regions in the nearshore area between Dongshan and Shantou and in the southeastern Taiwan respectively, which may be caused by upwellings.(2) There exists a cold eddy in the northwestern sea area and a warm eddy with two high temperature cores in the eastern sea area of the Islands, which are related to the anti-cyclonic turning of the seawater near the Dongsha Islands.(3) A westward high temperature and high salinity water tongue extends through the northern Luzon Strait and reaches the sea areas near the Dongsha Islands and southern Taiwan Strait.
2019, 38(4): 175-182.
doi: 10.1007/s13131-019-1421-7
厦门大学海洋与地球学院,近海海洋环境科学国家重点实验室。摘要:本文通过分析2016年春季航次在浙江中部海域3条断面的观测资料,结果表明:(1)在断面的10~25米层左右观测到了"中层冷水"现象以及在上层观测到微弱的上升流;(2)在浙江中部海域的上层观测到较弱的上升流;(3)春季,在浙江中部海域观测到了丰富的温跃层、逆温跃层以及盐跃层现象。(4)台湾暖流水向上爬坡对跃层的变化有一定的影响,使得跃层厚度变小,跃层强度加强,但是强度并不足以冲破跃层到达表层。
2016, 35(4): 51-57.
doi: 10.1007/s13131-016-0838-5
作为包括海洋无脊椎动物体内对抗氧自由基的第一道防线,超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)是一种关键抗氧化酶。该酶在真核生物中主要有两种形式,其一是铜/锌超氧化物岐化酶(SOD1),其二是锰超氧化物同岐化酶(SOD2)。SOD的活力同时受到众多环境应激因子的影响。利用中心复合设计及响应曲面方法,本研究中考察了温度(18-34℃)和铜离子浓度(0.1-1.5 mg/L)对近江牡蛎消化腺SOD活力的联合效应。结果表明,温度的一次效应极显著(P<0.01),二次效应显著(P<0.05);铜离子浓度的一次效应不显著(P>0.05),而二次效应极显著(P<0.01);二个因子间的互作不显著(P>0.05);温度的效应大于铜离子浓度的效应;建立了消化腺SOD酶活力对两个因子的模型方程,普通决定系数和预测决定系数分别达到0.9616和0.8207,表明模型拟合度较为理想并可在本试验条件下用于预测近江牡蛎消化腺SOD活力。研究结果有助于将SOD作为潜在生物指标说明海洋动物的健康状态及所面临的环境问题。
2011(3): 124-131.
doi: 10.1007/s13131-011-0127-2
The effects of temperature and different forms of nutrients on Chattonella marina growth have been investigated in strains isolated from the Daya Bay, the South China Sea. The strain of C. marina preferred high temperatures, with an optimal temperature of 25℃, and 18℃ was the minimum for its survival. Higher cell number and growth rate were obtained in high nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations (500 μg/L, 74 μg/L) than under nutrient limitation. Nitrogen influenced the growth most, as the specific growth rate and maximum cell density were lower in nitrogenlimited cultures than noted under phosphorus limitation or under limitation from both. C. marina was capable of using many kinds of organic nitrogen sources including L-serine (L-Ser), glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala), L-threonine (L-Thr), glutamic acid (Glu) and urea, but could not utilize uric acid. Various forms of organic phosphorus compound such as glucose-6-phosphate (G6P), sodium glycerophosphate (GYP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), cytidine monophosphate (CMP), guanosine monophosphate (GMP), uridine monophosphate (UMP), 4-nitrophenylphosphate (NPP) and triethyl phosphate (TEP) supported the growth as well. Algal cells had the ability to sustain growth under nitrogen-and/or phosphorus-free conditions particularly under phosphorus depleted condition. These results led to the hypothesis that high loading of nitrogen has played an important role in frequent C. marina blooms in the past decade, and its capability for utilization of diverse forms of organic nutrients and growth in low nutrient conditions make this species a likely recurrent dominant in the Daya Bay phytoplankton assemblages, visible as more frequent blooms.
2019, 38(1): 102-111.
doi: 10.1007/s13131-019-1376-8
There were two severe coral bleaching events at Ko Khang Khao, the inner Gulf of Thailand, occurred during the prolonged period of the elevated sea surface temperature (SST) in 2010 and low salinity as well as turbidity due to heavy flooding in 2011. The bleaching index (BI) and mortality index (MI) are calculated to compare the susceptibilities of coral species in the two bleaching events. The BI and MI vary significantly among the study sites and bleaching events. The most susceptible corals during both bleaching events are Acropora millepora, Pocillopora damicornis and Pavona decussate, while the most resistant species were Galaxea fascicularis, Fungia fungites, Pavona frondifera, Oulastrea crispate, and Symphyllia recta. The corals Favia favus, Goniopora columna, Platygyra pini, Symphyllia agaricia were relatively more tolerant to high SST but they are relatively more susceptible to low salinity. Coral bleaching is a phenomenon that the dissociation stress of the symbiotic relationship between zooxanthellae and their cnidarian host results in the reduction in photosynthetic pigment concentration. Among stressors, both prolonged exposure of high SST and low salinity, above and below their thresholds, respectively. The long-term resilience of coral communities at Ko Khang Khao and other coral communities close to the mouth of large rivers may depend on the frequency and duration of the exposure on the elevated SST due to atmospheric heating and low salinity due to river flooding.
2013, 32(1): 48-58.
doi: 10.1007/s13131-013-0266-8
To understand the response of marine ecosystem to environmental factors, the oceanographic (physical and biochemical) data are analyzed to examine the spatio-temporal distributions of chlorophyll a (Chl a) associated with surface temperature, winds and height anomaly for long periods (1997-2008) in the western South China Sea (SCS). The results indicate that seasonal and spatial distributions of Chl a are primarily influenced by monsoon winds and hydrography. A preliminary Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of remotely sensed data is used to assess basic characteristics of the response process of Chl a to physical changes, which reveals interannual variability of anomalous low Chl a values corresponding to strong El Niño (1997-1998), high values corresponding to strong La Niña (1999-2000), low Chl a corresponding to moderate El Niño (2001-2003), upward Chl a after warm event in 2005 off the east coast of Vietnam. The variability of Chl a in nearshore and the Mekong River Estuary (MER) waters also suggests its response to these warm or cold processes. Considering the evidence for covariabilities between Chl a and sea surface temperature, winds, height anomaly (upwelling or downwelling), cold waters input and strong winds mixing may play important roles in the spatial and temporal variability of high Chl a. Such research activities could be very important to gain a mechanistic understanding of ecosystem responses to the climate change in the SCS.
2008(6): 83-93.
Ecological adaptation and ecological groups of pelagic ostracods were examined in the East China Sea (23° 30'~33° 00'N, 118°30'~128°00'E), in relation to temperature and salinity. The data were collected in four surveys conducted from 1997 to 2000. The density, yield density, or negative exponent models were used to determine the optimal temperature and salinity of water for the thriving growth of pelagic ostracods. Thereafter,ecological groups and potential distribution patterns of pelagic ostracods were determined based on the predicted parameters such as optimal temperature and salinity, consulting the geographic distribution. The analytical results indicate that, among the numerical dominant pelagic ostracods in the East China Sea (ECS), Euconchoecia aculeata, E. elongata, E. chierchiae, E. maimai, and Cypridina dentata, etc. are offshore subtropical water species. These species are widely distributed in the area, and they can be brought by the warm current to north offshore during spring and winter. The predicated optimal temperature (OT) and optimal salinity (OS) for Paraconchoecia decipiens, P. echinata, P. spinifera, P. oblonga, Conchoecia magna and Porroecia porrecta are all greater than 25℃ and 34 separately. These species are mainly distributed in the waters of the Kuroshio, the Taiwan Warm Current, and the Taiwan Strait, and therefore are designated as oceanic tropical water species. On the other hand, Pseudoconchoecia concentrica is considered as offshore subtropical water species based on its geographical distribution although its OT is 19℃. The other species, though their OSs are approximately 34 and with OTs ranging from 20° to 25℃, are considered as offshore subtropical water species because they were found to be widely distributed from the South China Sea to the East China Sea.
2013, 32(5): 57-67.
doi: 10.1007/s13131-013-0314-4
The physical structures of snow and sea ice in the Arctic section of 150°-180°W were observed on the basis of snow-pit, ice-core, and drill-hole measurements from late July to late August 2010. Almost all the investigated floes were first-year ice, except for one located north of Alaska, which was probably multi-year ice transported from north of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago during early summer. The snow covers over all the investigated floes were in the melting phase, with temperatures approaching 0℃ and densities of 295-398 kg/m3. The snow covers can be divided into two to five layers of different textures, with most cases having a top layer of fresh snow, a round-grain layer in the middle, and slush and/or thin icing layers at the bottom. The first-year sea ice contained about 7%-17% granular ice at the top. There was no granular ice in the lower layers. The interior melting and desalination of sea ice introduced strong stratifications of temperature, salinity, density, and gas and brine volume fractions. The sea ice temperature exhibited linear cooling with depth, while the salinity and the density increased linearly with normalized depth from 0.2 to 0.9 and from 0 to 0.65, respectively. The top layer, especially the freeboard layer, had the lowest salinity and density, and consequently the largest gas content and the smallest brine content. Both the salinity and density in the ice basal layer were highly scattered due to large differences in ice porosity among the samples. The bulk average sea ice temperature, salinity, density, and gas and brine volume fractions were -0.8℃, 1.8, 837 kg/m3, 9.3% and 10.4%, respectively. The snow cover, sea ice bottom, and sea ice interior show evidences of melting during mid-August in the investigated floe located at about 87°N, 175°W.
- 首页
- 上一页
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 下一页
- 末页
- 共:78页