Assessment of macrobenthic community function and ecological quality after reclamation in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary wetland

Yinying Huang; Yingying Huang; Xinglin Du; Yiming Li; Jiangtao Tian; Qiang Chen; Youhui Huang; Weiwei Lv; Ying Yang; Zhiquan Liu; Yunlong Zhao

doi:10.1007/s13131-022-2046-9

doi: 10.1007/s13131-022-2046-9

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-16
- 录用日期: 2022-04-11
- 网络出版日期: 2022-10-09
- 刊出日期: 2022-11-01

Assessment of macrobenthic community function and ecological quality after reclamation in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary wetland

Yinying Huang^{1, 2, †},
Yingying Huang^{1, 2, †},
Xinglin Du^{1, 2},
Yiming Li^{1, 2},
Jiangtao Tian^{1, 2},
Qiang Chen^{1, 2},
Youhui Huang^{1, 2},
Weiwei Lv⁴,
Ying Yang^{1, 2},
Zhiquan Liu^{3
, ,},
Yunlong Zhao^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
2.
School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
3.
School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China
4.
Shanghai Runzhuang Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201400, China

Funds: The Shanghai Chongming Dongtan Bird National Nature Reserve Resource Monitoring Project under contract No. CMDT-JC202101; the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission under contract No. 19ZR1436900.

More Information

Corresponding author: E-mail: liuzhiquan1024@163.com; ylzhao426@163.com

†These authors contributed equally to this work.

摘要

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Abstract: An ecological optimization project (semi-closed reclamation project) was implemented to control the invasion of Spartina alterniflora, and optimize the habitat of the Chongming Dongtan wetland, in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary. After project implementation, a macrobenthic ecological survey was conducted in a natural tidal flat and a semi-closed reclamation restoration area within the Chongming Dongtan wetland from 2019 to 2020. Compared with historical data before reclamation, findings showed that the groups, numbers, and species diversity of the macrobenthos increased significantly, and the ecological optimization project resulted in good ecological benefits. In addition, compared to the natural tidal flat, the number of collected macrobenthic phyla, and the macrobenthic density and biomass were significantly lower in the restoration area. Furthermore, the biodiversity index and functional redundancy of natural tidal flats were generally higher, indicating that the community composition and function of natural tidal flats were relatively more stable. Even though the species composition differed between a number of restoration areas and natural tidal flats, there was no difference in functional diversity, indicating that the effect of restoring ecological functions in restoration areas was optimal. Among them, the biodiversity and functional redundancy of Site S2 were significantly reduced, and the ecosystem function was extremely unstable. Habitat heterogeneity, vegetation community and decreasing salinity were the main factors that affected the ecological functions of macrobenthos. The ecological quality was also evaluated; the Transects N3 and N4 showed good quality. The overall ecological quality of the restoration area was generally high, but that of Site S2 was poor and that of Site S2E was merely good, which was mainly due to modifications of the ecological function of macrobenthos. It is suggested that reeds mowing and freshwater species release should be adopted in restoration areas to improve the community function and the environmental disturbance resistance of the macrobenthos.
- macrobenthos /
- ecological optimization project /
- semi-closed reclamation /
- community restoration /
- functional diversity /
- ecological health
†These authors contributed equally to this work.
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Figure 1. Schematic diagram of macrobenthic sampling in Chongming Dongtan wetland from 2019 to 2020. In b, the dark grey area represents the semi-closed reclamation restoration area, and the light grey area represents the natural tidal-flat area. The dots represent the sampling sites; the dash lines represent the Transects N3 and N4.

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Figure 2. The species composition (a), number of species (b), density (c) and biomass (d) of macrobenthos in Chongming Dongtan wetland from 2019 to 2020. N3 and N4 are sampling transects; S1, S1A, S2, S2E and S3 are sampling sites. Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences among sites.

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Figure 3. The correlation matrix of the macrobenthic diversity index in Chongming Dongtan wetland from 2019 to 2020. The d is the Margalef species richness index; J′, Pielou species evenness index; H', Shannon-Wiener index; Δ⁺, average taxonomic distinctness; Λ⁺, variation in taxonomic distinctness; FD_Q, functional diversity index; FD_is, functional dispersion; and FD_Q/H', functional redundancy. Species diversity includes d, J' and H'; taxonomic diversity, Δ⁺ and Λ⁺; functional diversity, FD_Q and FD_is; Functional redundancy, FD/H'.

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Figure 4. Clustering and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis of macrobenthic communities in Chongming Dongtan wetland from 2019 to 2020.

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Figure 5. Abundance-biomass comparison curves of 7 habitats in Chongming Dongtan Wetland from 2019 to 2020 (green triangle is abundance; blue triangle, biomass).

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Table 1. The relationship between AMBI and M-AMBI and ecological quality status/environmental disturbance

Ecological quality/Disturbance classification	AMBI	M-AMBI
High/undisturbed	(0, 1.2]	>0.77
Good/slightly disturbed	(1.2, 3.3]	(0.53, 0.77]
Moderate/moderately disturbed	(3.3, 5.0]	(0.38, 0.53]
Poor/heavily disturbed	(5.0, 6.0]	(0.20, 0.38]
Bad/extremely disturbed	>6.0	(0, 0.20]
Note: AMBI is the abbreviation of AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index; and M-AMBI, multivariate AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index.

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Table 2. The biodiversity index of macrobenthos in the Chongming Dongtan wetland, Shanghai from 2019 to 2020

	Transect N3	Transect N4	Site S1	Site S1A	Site S2	Site S2E	Site S3
DO concentration/(mg·L⁻¹)	7.95±2.72	7.89±4.54	8.40±3.50	10.09±4.92	11.45±3.84	8.63 ± 2.69	10.49 ± 2.61
pH	8.14±0.47	7.88±0.52	8.02±0.49	8.32±0.29	8.36±0.49	7.96±0.75	8.09±0.50
Water temperature/°C	20.72±10.11	20.30±10.04	19.73±7.77	19.82±8.41	20.49±8.13	19.71±8.38	20.52±8.64
Salinity	8.33±1.91^b	8.77±2.27^b	3.52±2.65^a	3.46±2.67^a	1.37±2.07^a	3.11±1.97^a	4.37±1.96^a
d	2.18±0.59^c	1.85±0.59^bc	0.94±0.42^ab	1.67±0.87^bc	0.19±0.26^a	1.44±0.60^bc	1.23±0.74^b
J'	0.62±0.15^ab	0.65±0.14^b	0.70±0.15^b	0.82±0.10^b	0.18±0.29^a	0.60±0.19^ab	0.77±0.15^b
H'	2.36±0.65^b	2.31±0.59^b	1.62±0.39^b	2.54±0.81^b	0.31±0.59^a	1.86±0.72^b	2.01±1.00^b
Δ⁺	88.33±3.73^b	83.43±14.02^b	84.74±9.01^b	82.47±9.55^b	48.26±51.67^a	85.24±2.70^b	90.13±6.84^b
$\varLambda $⁺	437.13±108.99^b	362.08±65.10^ab	331.40±166.21^ab	533.50±414.53^b	51.12±121.58^a	521.72±113.81^b	332.89±234.43^ab
FD_Q	42.56±3.20^b	44.97±4.10^b	37.81±7.68^b	41.88±6.15^b	11.99±13.81^a	38.92±6.67^b	39.23±11.46^b
FD_is	6.42±0.25^b	6.60±0.33^b	6.01±0.69^b	6.39±0.49^b	2.20±2.47^a	6.15±0.55^b	6.09±1.09^b
FD_Q/H'	19.38±6.34	20.86±7.37	24.49±7.44	17.89±5.95	39.50±53.30	25.03±12.74	24.54±14.46
Note: d is the Margalef species richness index; J', Pielou species evenness index; H', Shannon-Wiener index; Δ⁺, average taxonomic distinctness; $\varLambda $⁺, variation in taxonomic distinctness; FD_Q, functional diversity index; FD_is, functional dispersion; and FD_Q/H', functional redundancy. Different letters indicate significant differences among sites.

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Table 3. AMBI and M-AMBI of 7 habitats in Chongming Dongtan wetland from 2019 to 2020

Sampling area	AMBI	Disturbance classification	M-AMBI	Ecological quality
N3	2.210	slightly disturbed	0.83	high
N4	1.514	slightly disturbed	0.95	high
S1	1.474	slightly disturbed	0.82	high
S1A	1.453	slightly disturbed	0.99	high
S2	2.863	slightly disturbed	0.35	poor
S2E	3.014	slightly disturbed	0.69	good
S3	2.543	slightly disturbed	0.77	high
Note: AMBI is the abbreviation of AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index; and M-AMBI, multivariate AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index.

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Table 4. Comparison of community characteristics before and after reclamation in Chongming Dongtan wetland

Variable	2007−2008		2019−2020
Variable	High and middle marsh	Low marsh	Semi-closed restoration area	Natural tidal flat area
Average number of species	15	19	23	33
Average density/(ind.·m⁻²)	672.75	1866.5	1304.8	4078.5
d	2.054	2.461	3.063	3.851
J'	0.514	0.584	0.587	0.634
H'	1.946	2.502	2.707	3.195
Note: d is the Margalef species richness index; J', Pielou species evenness index; H', Shannon-Wiener index.

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Assessment of macrobenthic community function and ecological quality after reclamation in the Changjiang (Yangtze) River Estuary wetland

Corresponding author: E-mail: liuzhiquan1024@163.com; ylzhao426@163.com

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