Regeneration and anti-migration of sand waves associated with sand mining in the Taiwan Shoal
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Abstract: Sand waves in the Taiwan Shoal are characterized by two distinct spatial scales. Giant sand waves have a length of 2 kilometers with height between 5 m and 25 m, whilst small sand waves is less than 100-m long with height less than 5 m between giant sand wave peaks (crests). A series of five high-resolution multi-beam echo-sounding surveys between 2012 and 2020 in the middle of Taiwan Shoal indicated that artificial dredging on the giant sand waves had caused sand wave reform and evolution. Overall, the removal of giant sand waves significantly affected the migration of small sand waves adjacent to the dredging site, with the latter on both sides of the former appear to migrate towards the dredging pit. Moreover, in the dredging area, new sand waves emerged with wavelength much smaller than the original giant sand waves, while the convergent pattern of the small sand waves tends to store and form the giant sand waves, which might spread far beyond the survey period.
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Key words:
- small sand wave /
- giant sand wave /
- anti-migration /
- regrowing /
- sand mining /
- Taiwan Shoal
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Figure 1. Location of Taiwan Shoal in the south of Taiwan Strait, showing sand wave dredging site (modified from Bao et al. (2020)).
Figure 2. Results of a digital terrain model for the five surveys during 2012–2020, showing crest line alignments of the giant sand waves (KL) and small sand waves (MN) plus multiple profiles in the feature region.
Figure 3. Crest line profiles of KL for the giant sand waves (a) and MN for the small sand waves (b) in the five surveys during 2012 and 2020 (refer to Fig. 2)
Figure 4. Evolution of dredged area SW-A and the variation in mean height difference between two consecutive measurements (“+”for sedimentation, “−” for erosion).
Figure 5. Movement of multiple small sand wave crest lines in the troughs of giant sand waves in the feature region. DTM: Digital Terrain Model.
Figure 6. Profiles of sand waves across the small sand waves in the troughs of giant sand waves.
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