Spatial epifaunal variability partially masked the edge effects in patchy intertidal macroalgae from the Canary archipelago
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Abstract: Fragmentation entails the disruption of habitat continuity, leading to anticipated species mobility as a consequence of inter-patch connectivity. Variability in species richness and individual abundances is a natural outcome in such scenarios. Our objective was to examine the edge effect within fragmented intertidal macroalgae habitats, employing the associated epifauna as a study model. This study reveals disparities in both species richness and individual abundance within the epifauna community inhabiting intertidal macroalgae during the spring season. Samples were obtained from two distinct coastal locations characterized by fragmented habitats. This enabled us to assess the distinctions in communities impacted by the edge effect as well as spatial variations. The results indicate a trend where abundance tends to be higher in the innermost regions of the patch zone in one location, while species richness remains relatively consistent across different patch zones, i.e., edge, near-edge, and inner areas by descriptive univariate analysis and ANOVA. Margalef richness and Simpson dominance are consistently higher from inner areas to edge, whilst Pielou evenness showed the contrasting trend, being higher from edge to inner areas. The patch effect seems to be a primary driver of differences among epifaunal communities. Additionally, spatial variations contribute significantly to the variability observed in these communities by the permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and non-metric multidimensional scaling (n-MDS). To gain a comprehensive understanding of the edge effect, further investigations examining other substrates, different months, or additional locations are warranted.
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Key words:
- community structure /
- habitat /
- rocky coast /
- Gran Canaria /
- Northeast Atlantic Ocean.
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Figure 2. An intertidal sampled patch showing the three parts (edge, near edge and inner area).
Figure 5. NMDS showing the patch sites (edge, near edge and inner area) at both sampling sites (Roque Tortuga and Rincón de Los Castellanos).
Figure 6. SIMPER results carried out with their respective species. Comparative species contribution in the patch sites. The eight most important species explaining the dissimilarity between both patch sites are shown. cumsum represents cumulative dissimilarity.
Table 1. Biodiversity indices of the epifaunal community considering their respective patch sites in Roque Tortuga
Roque Tortuga index Edge Near edge Inner area Total individuals 2 463.00 2 783.00 4 010.00 Total species 68.00 60.00 56.00 Margalef index 8.58 7.44 6.63 Simpson dominance 0.11 0.16 0.39 Simpson diversity index 0.89 0.84 0.61 Pielou uniformity index 0.65 0.70 0.80 
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Table 2. Biodiversity indices of the epifaunal community considering their respective patch sites in Rincon de los Castellanos
Rincon de los
Castellanos indexEdge Near edge Inner area Total individuals 2 725.00 3 506.00 3 295.00 Total species 45.00 46.00 42.00 Margalef index 5.56 5.51 5.06 Simpson dominance 0.19 0.44 0.37 Simpson diversity index 0.81 0.56 0.63 Pielou uniformity index 0.58 0.63 0.64
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Table 3. PERMANOVAs results on the epifaunal community considering their respective factors
Factors F p Location 19.10 0.000 1 Fragmentation 10.49 0.000 1 Fragmentation (L) 4.92 0.000 1 Note: p<0.001 denotes significant differences.
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