Structural features in the mid-southern section of the Kyushu–Palau Ridge based on satellite altimetry gravity anomaly
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Abstract: The Kyushu–Palau Ridge (KPR), an anti-S-shaped submarine highland at the center of the Philippine Sea Plate (PSP), is considered the residual arc of the Izu–Bonin–Mariana Island Arc, which retains key information about the cessation of the Western Philippine Basin (WPB) expansion and the Parece Vela Basin (PVB) breakup. Herein, using the new generation of satellite altimetry gravity data, high-precision seafloor topography data, and newly acquired ship-borne gravity data, the topographic and gravity characteristics of the KPR mid-southern section and adjacent region are depicted. The distribution characteristics of the faults were delineated using the normalized vertical derivative–total horizontal derivative method(NVDR-THDR) and the minimum curvature potential field separation method. The Moho depth and crustal thickness were inverted using the rapid inversion method for a double-interface model with depth constraints. Based on these results, the crust structure features in the KPR mid-southern section, and the “triangular” structure geological significance where the KPR and Central Basin Rift (CBR) of the WPB intersect are interpreted. The KPR crustal thickness is approximately 6–16 km, with a distinct discontinuity that is slightly thicker than the normal oceanic crust. The KPR mid-southern section crust structure was divided into four segments (S1–S4) from north to south, formed by the CBR eastward extension joint action and clockwise rotation of the PVB expansion axis and the Mindanao fault zone blocking effect.
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Key words:
- structural features /
- satellite altimetry gravity data /
- Kyushu–Palau Ridge /
- Central Basin Rift /
- faults /
- Moho depth
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Figure 1. Tectonic setting of the Philippine Sea (Wu et al., 2016). The elevation data are taken from Smith and Sandwell (1997). The double yellow dashed lines indicate the active and inactive spreading centers and the single dashed yellow line denotes the Kyushu–Palau Ridge (KPR). The purple boxes delineate the study ranges. Solid red and pink lines indicate the positions of the deep reflection seismic profiles (Nishizawa et al., 2007; Wei et al., 2022). Dashed red lines indicate the fracture zones and transform faults. AP: Amami Plateaul; BR: Benham Rise; CBR: Central Basin Rift; DR: Daito Ridge; GR: Gagua Ridge; HB: Huatung Basin; ODR: Oki-Daito Ridge.
Figure 8. Comparison between the gravity inversion result and Vp models for line KPr20 (Nishizawa et al., 2016). The solid blue line is crustal thickness, the solid red line is Moho depth using gravity inversion, and the solid black line is Moho depth obtained by deep reflection/refraction seismic data. KPR: Kyushu–Palau Ridge; PVB: Parece Vela Basin.
Figure 9. Same as Fig. 7 but for KPr24 (Nishizawa et al., 2016). WPB: West Philippine Basin; KPR: Kyushu–Palau Ridge; PVB: Parece Vela Basin.
Figure 7. Comparison between the gravity inversion result and Vp models for line KPR2020-3 (Wei et al., 2022). The solid blue line is crustal thickness, the solid red line is Moho depth using gravity inversion, and the solid black line is Moho depth obtained by deep reflection/refraction seismic data.
Figure 10. Same as Fig. 7 but for KPr30 (Nishizawa et al., 2016). WPB: West Philippine Basin; KPR: Kyushu–Palau Ridge; PVB: Parece Vela Basin.
Figure 11. Same as Fig.7 but for line KPr40 (Nishizawa et al., 2016). WPB: West Philippine Basin; KPR: Kyushu–Palau Ridge; PVB: Parece Vela Basin.
Table 1. Features of the faults in the mid-southern KPR and adjacent areas
Fault Trend Length/km Mutually broken relationship Location F1 NW 680 broken by the TF1, TF2 and TF3
located in the north of the CBR, the boundary between the
northern basin and the central riftF2 NW 950 broken by the TF1–TF2 and
misplaces the F4 and F5located in the north of the CBR, the northern
boundary of the central riftF3 NW 1 000 broken by the TF1–TF2, and
misplaces the F4 and F5located in the north of the CBR, the southern
boundary of the central riftF4 NEE 970 misplaces the F8 and F9 located in the north of the Palau Basin and
corresponds to the Mindano Fracture ZoneF5 NEE 645 misplaces the F8 and F9 F6 NE 690 located in the west of the Palau island F7 NE 510 located in the east of the Palau island F8 near-SN 1 560 broken by the FK1, FK2, FK3,
F2, F3 ,F4, F5 and Fslocated in the west of the KPR, the western boundary of the KPR F9 near-SN 1 565 broken by the FK1, FK2, FK3,
F2, F3 ,F4, F5 and Fslocated in the east of the KPR, the eastern boundary of the KPR FN NE 200 located in the north of the eastern section of CBR FS NW 300 misplaces the F8 and F9 located in the south of the eastern section of CBR and
extends through KPR to PVBFK1 NW 325 misplaces the F8 and F9 segmental fault of KPR FK2 near-EW 230 FK3 near-EW 120 TF1 near-SN 430 misplaces the F1, F2 and F3 distributed in the CBR as transform faults TF2 330 TF3 390 TF4 310 TF5 280 TF6 330 TF7 200 -
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