A study of the landforms and megafaunal characteristics of the Caiwei Guyot area by manned submersible image data-driven technology
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Abstract: Scientific and precise evaluations of the megafaunal and landform characteristics of seamounts are important guides for their protection and study. A series of manned and unmanned submersibles have provided invaluable observational imaging data for the ecological study of seamounts. However, traditional methods of artificial observation of seamount imaging data cannot accurately and efficiently determine the characteristics of megafauna and landforms. This research harnesses data-driven technology to systematically investigate the distributional traits and morphological features of megafaunal organisms, as well as the topographical characteristics, in the Caiwei Guyot region of the western Pacific's Magellan Seamounts. To construct the landform and megafauna dataset of the Caiwei Guyot region, we used a data preprocessing technology based on image enhancement to provide high-quality imaging data for data-driven technologies. A megafaunal identification and counting algorithm based on YOLOv5 (You Only Look Once Version 5) was developed to efficiently assess the abundance, variety, and dominant species of megafauna. Simultaneously, a landform three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction algorithm based on PatchmatchNet was developed to reconstruct the 3D form of the terrain accurately. This study pioneers the application of data-driven technology to deep-sea imaging within the Caiwei Guyot region, offering an innovative approach to accurately and efficiently characterize the region's unique megafauna and landforms.
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Key words:
- manned submersible imaging /
- data-driven /
- Caiwei Guyot /
- landforms /
- megafauna
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Figure 6. Algorithm comparison results. a. Original drawing, b. MSRCR, c. DCP, d. AGCW, and e. this method.
Figure 14. Number of main groups in each region.
a. South peak, b. south slope, c. western foothills, d. north peak, e. first section of the north slope, f. second section of the north slope, g. west side of the seamount, and h. northern foothills.
Table 1. Video parameters
Resolution ratio Frame rate format Encoding method Color space 1920 × 1080 25 H.264 RGB 
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Table 2. Comparison of experimental results of the UIQM index
Image Original MSRCR DCP AGCW This method 1 0.74 2.34 0.93 1.09 4.50 2 2.03 2.99 2.43 1.82 4.89 3 1.53 2.48 2.07 1.55 4.99 4 2.87 3.28 4.02 3.05 4.87 Average 1.80 2.77 2.36 1.88 4.81
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Table 3. Comparative experimental results of different algorithms
Model mAP0.5 (%) mAP0. 5:0.95 (%) Param (M) Faster RCNN 67.9 44.4 137.1 YOLOv3 94.9 79.1 61.5 YOLOv3-Tiny 93.9 74.5 8.7 YOLOv7-Tiny 91.1 67.6 6.0 YOLOv5n 93.6 72.9 1.8
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Table 4. Species composition
Phylum Class Order/family/genus Number Porifera Demospongiae Callyspongiidae sp. 41 Cladorhizidae sp. 3 Chondrocladia sp. 3 Hexactinellida Caulophacus sp. 16 Poliopogon sp. 19 Hyalonema sp. 12 Corbitellinae sp. 17 Bolosoma sp. 5 Rhizophyta sp. 4 Tretopleura sp. 3 Saccocalyx sp. 1 Semperella sp. 106 Cnidaria Anthozoa Chrysogorgia sp. 5 Fungiacyathus stephanus sp. 1 Primnoidae sp. 14 Actinoscyphia sp. 1 Keratoisididae sp. 56 Iridogorgia sp. 6 Bathypathes sp. 3 Actinostolidae sp. 3 Actiniaria sp. 5 Annelida Polychaeta Phyllodocida sp. 1 Polynoidae sp. 2 Arthropoda Malacostraca Heterocarpus sp. 17 Aristeidae sp. 18 Nematocarcinus sp. 4 Echinodermata Crinoidea Crinoidea sp. 9 Hyocrinidae sp. 3 Bathycrinidae sp. 4 Pentametrocrinidae sp. 7 Asteroidea Freyastera sp. 7 Pterasteridae sp. 1 Asteroidea sp. 1 Freyellidae sp. 8 Freyastera basketa 5 Brisingidae sp. 2 Freyastera mortenseni 1 Echinoidea Echinoidea sp. 8 Holothuroidea Paroriza sp. 1 Hansenothuria sp. 2 Paelopatides sp. 32 Synallactidae sp. 13 Psychropotes sp. 11 Elpidiidae sp. 5 Enypniastes sp. 2 Molpadidemas sp. 4 Holothuroidea sp. 1 Peniagone sp. 1 Benthodytes sp. 3 Chordata Actinopterygii Aldrovandia afinis 10 Ophidiiformes sp. 9 Synaphobranchidae sp. 13 Halosauridae sp. 9 Ophidiidae sp. 15 Macrouridae sp. 6 Abyssoberyx sp. 3
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Table 5. Main groups and dominance
Class Degree of dominance Demospongiae 0.005 Hexactinellida 0.05 Anthozoa 0.03 Polychaeta 0.0043 Malacostraca 0.0082 Crinoidea 0.0064 Asteroidea 0.007 Echinoidea 0.002 Holothuroidea 0.008 Actinopterygii 0.01
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